SYXOPSTS 



OF THE FAMILIES AXU GEXEKA REPEESEXTEH IX Tills WORK WITH 



A 2s A L Y T I C A L K Jil V S 



LEAIiIXG TO THE SPECIES. 



CLASS I. GYMNOSPERM^. 



The rUiKS of plants knuwu as Oiiiii itoxpi nun is of very aurient orisin. beins representeil 

 amoiii: (he fossils df the Sihitiaii A^e ami most iuimeroiisl\" amons' tho-e of the Ti'iassic. It is 

 now rrpri'seiiteil hy not more than font hnmlred ami Hfty speOes. whieli liave the followiui; 

 eliatart'Ms in eoninion : They ate tlowiin;;- plants in whieli the o\nles or seeils are borne 

 naked npi.ni an oiien srale (not inihised in an Li\ary I and are trees ami shrttbs mainly with 

 resinons jniee, ehielly parallehvilncd h'avi'S anil stems, consisting of bark, wood and pith, 

 inereasini: in thickness b,\" anniiiil layers of the \\'ood extei-nall,\" and of the hark internally. 

 It consists of three faniilies, viz.; t.'niii f:. nr. (Jiinlitr,,i and i' iit aihuor. the latter two being 

 conhned ehiefly to tropieal and sonth temperate regions, 



PINE FAMILY. CCtXIFER.E. 



A family of trees and few shrubs with resinons jniee and eell-walls of wood marked with 



ciretilar tlises. It is of gri.'atest ecrmomie \alne and world-wide distributitm, but tliietly in 



north temperate regions. .Vmitng its representatives ate trees. notaId,\' tlie Seqnoias. whieh 



are consiih red tn be nf tlie greatest hnrge\ity of all living eo'i^anisms. It eonsists of thirty-inie 



genera of whhh thirteen are represented in the United States. 



L'>rris uari-ow or seale-like. dttstered Of alternate, jiarallel-veitieil and generally persistent: 

 bnds seal.w llnir, r-s ill eatkins or solitar,\" wiih an iinadmri- oi' enlarged bnd-s<'ales. unisexual 

 and nirneerii.ins i dioT-ioiis in ■! ii ii'iiuru^ ) ilrstitnte o( t;il,\ x and i;oioll:i; anthers J-celled : 

 pistillati' flowrrs bi'aring on the inner face of eaili scab- l! or more ovnh'S and beromin^- in 

 Frtiit a \\oMd,\ \-inu-' or rarel\- a berr>" or driiite : seeils nfti.ai winged, with eiiat of two la.\ers ; 

 embryo axial in ropious albnmen ; roixdrduns L' or sioeral. 



Ki:V TO Tin: (iEXEKA. 



a Srairs if 1-onrs in the axils of ]>ersisient brints. nnmeri.nis. siiirall.\ arranged and eaeli Itearing 

 at its hasr above i' seeds i Al,i, till, ,11 . 

 b (.Vne^s n'oniring 'J ,\ears to mature: Iraxes needle-shaiied in L'-.^i-IeaN'ed ax'.!lai\" faseieles 

 (si)litar,\ in Line spnirsi shrathi'd at base wiih membraiuins sialrs. i e--isieiit. 



Finns. 

 b' Cones maturing in rine si-ason : leaves 



c In nian.\-lea\i'il faseiides mi lalia-al sjinrs. decidurois Larix. 



c= Solilar.N. seattered. prrsistmi and line.ar nr I-sidnl : emies 



d Pendent and srah's inasisi ml mi tie' axrs; bt;imhlris lun^h with wood.x' persist'Mit 



bases i.f Ihe leaves 



e Leaves srssile. 4-sidrd or thatioii'd abior and sionial i''et:rs all sid.'s m- above only. 



Picea. 



e= Lraves ].etiuhile. flaUi'iied and stmnaliferons brlow milv Tsnga. 



d.= Eiert nil tile hraiirhliMs and sialrs r.alling a\\a\ fioin peisistent axis ,ai mainrity : 



leaves le;nilig H;l t or depressed leaf-srais Allies. 



a' Seales of the emies without brails 



b Xnmi'rmis. sidrall.N aiian;;i'd and fmniing :i Moody rmie ; lea\e< linear i sometimes seale- 



like I allein.ate ['I'li.riiiliii \ and driiiliimis Ta.xocUum. 



b" Few. dei iissatr : leaves dernssale or in I'.-iaiiks and ofirii of L' fsrms ( C»/iri .v.viiifii I : 

 friiil a 

 c Wooih emie : leaves all seale-like: emies 



