4-0 Coxifkk-t:. 



apiiear singly, remot'"" and in siiiral arraiiueniHiu. Floirer.'^ apiioarin,:: with rln- Irav^s : tlie 

 staminate solitary, globose, yellow, terniiiiatiiig lateral scaly Inuls or spurs un tlie growths 

 of previous seasons: anthers numerous, spirally arranged. iJ-cclh'd with pointed ronnectives; 

 pollen g:rains simple, globular : pistillate tlowers pinkish green with stalked s<-ales in the axils 

 of longer searlet bracts and earh bearing two ovules. Fruit ami ovoid-oMong ei'ect short - 

 stalked eone. maturing the first season, with thin conrave srales smallest and sterile near the 

 ends: seeds nearly triangular and shorter than their wings: eotyledons six. 

 The name is the classical Latin iianic i>l" the Larvli. 



Fur siiLvits .vtt jip. .^il—':ll. 



THE SPRUCES. Gexus PICE A I.ixk. 



This genus consists of eighteen species of trees cuiihned to the north temperate and 

 Bubarctic i-egions. sometimes forming extimsive tracts «.»f valuable forests. Seven species are 

 natives of Xnrth America, three in the At hi n tic states, one is confined to the heart of the 

 Rock\' ^Mountains and the otln-rs mainly to the Pacific sloj^e. 



L(iiris linear. 4-sided and stomal iferous all sides (in the easieru ^]tecies 1 or flaftened 

 and ^tom:ltife^ous mostly on the upper side, scattered and pointing outward and toward the 

 end of the twig but simetimes api)earing li-ranked iiy a twi-^t in those of the lower side, 

 artieulaied \{) ])i-oininenr iiersistent bases. F}oir(rs terminal in the axils of upper leaves, 

 staminate huig-stalked. on the brauelders of tlie previous year: anthers with produced rounded 

 connective and I'ells ojieiiing leuL:rlnvise : i)istillate obhum. ea-'h scale in the axis of a bract 

 and bearing two (.i\uh's at its has.'. Fruit ovoid or cylindrical cones, iiendent mostly from 

 the uppermost brani lies, mafurim: the first year with thin unarmed luu-sistent scales and small 

 not exserted bracts : seed pointed-ov<dd with ample membranous wing ; cotyledons four to 

 sixteen. 



Ficca is the classical Latin name of the Sjtnice. 



KLV T(.> TLIE SLEOTES. 



a Branchlets glabrous, glaucous: cones oldong-cylindric and scales 



b Narrow, elongated and erose at aiiex : leaves ri^id and sjtinescent . . . . P. Parryana. 



b- \Vide and entire at ai^e-; ; heaves soft and dexilde P. Canadensis. 



a" Brauehlets inibescetit. brownish : cones 



b ( )vate-oblong. with vei-y short slightly, if at all. incurved stalks, suheiilire seales and 



dark yellowish iii'een foliage P. rubens. 



b- Ovate with in^airved stalks and erose-margined seales : leaves blue-gi-eeii. 



P. Mariana. 

 Fur sp.ri,:^ STC pp. ,?.3-.?,0. 



THE HEMLOCKS. Gexus TSU(^tA Carr. 



Tall pomewhat pyrnniiihil tin's uf ilu' ti'm|i<?i'atr rr^imis uf Xortli Amerira. Japan. China 

 and the Ilimilaxa JIi>uiitaiiis. wilh horizontal anil ilrooinni- In'aui'hes. slemlev twia-'^ anil 

 g:raceftil ilat .si)rays oi fuliaii'. Si'\-en sjiories atp knii\A"n uf whirh four aio inhabitants of 

 Xoith Amerira. two of the Atlantir anil t«"o nf the rarilie states. 



LiUviK linear, short-petiolate ami attirnlateil to ]iei'sistent bases, tiat in most speeies, 

 mostly aiipeai'int;' 1^-rankeil \^\ a twist in tlie base of the leaf aitil white stoniatose beneath 

 (bat not U-fanki'il ami stomatosi' lioth abo\e ami lu'low in one speoies i with a siusle dorsal 

 resin-ibtrt. ever.2:reen. l-'lnirrr'< in miihlle s]n-in.i;*. mioiieiiiins ; the sterile snbjidobose elnsters 

 of stamens from the axils of the lea\"es of the iire\iiMis \ ear : the stii^es stirronniled by 

 munerons bnd-srales : anthers tipped with a slinrt spur nr knnb and eells oiienins transyersely ; 

 pistillate atinnits teianinal on thr lir:inohlets of the previoits year, ereet ; bracts somewhat 

 sliorter than the sixties. 



TsiKja is the .Taiiatiese name nf tlie 11, iiih,rk-ti;c. 



KKY TO THE Sl'KClKS. 

 Cones le.s.s than 1 in. Ions, with orbimhar scales exii.-imlins; but little at matnrity. 



T. Canadensis. 

 Cones more than 1 in. lony- with oblotm- seales widely diver;;ent at matnrity. 



T. Caroliniana 

 r.,r ,-■,11 li,,. .., ,,,,. Ml-.!.!. 



THE FIRS. (li-:xi-s Vr.IES Lixk. 



Trees of generally sirii-t pyrainid.il lianit id' mnwlh with branches in whorls and bark 

 of trnnks wlien yottm.' cotilainin^ munerons resin-\-esicles. There are tweiilyd'onr known 

 spp<des. all natives of the norlhciii hemisphere :ind chiedy id' nnriheiai regions. Ten are 

 fonnd in Xietli America noith nf ^b'xico. ci-hl in the I'.'icilic cast and Uoeky Mountain 

 retjions and two iti the Allatitie slates. 



