422 A^"(.I(:>s7m-:kji_t:. 



LiiiriK vory Miiall. (ipii'isiti', in four ranks. s,ale-likr aial apin'osspd oi- iiiovr spi-eailins 

 on oldci- twigs anil suhulatr on vigorous steril.' sliimis. t'lur, r^ in rally s|iiiiig-, minute, 

 monu'cious, triminal. thr \\\^^ sexrs on (Jifftaeiir In ainlilrts ; staniinarr nlihuig with -(■\(r;il 

 (liTUssatf stamens having ovate eonneetives ileereasin^- in s'ze fioni hrlow upw.aids. aiil earh 

 bearing usually two glo'aose amlaa-eells ; pistillate suhglohose with ih-us~ate piliaie seal.'s 

 paeh beatmi;- two to hve ereet ovules. Cninx small, i^iolio-,'. le-eii. niatnting the hr~i s.a-on 



but peisi^iing ou ihe bian.-hlets afiei- ili-ehar^iUL: tlii'ir s I. with thii'k peltate s.'ales liax'iu^ 



centi'al bo^-es oi- p outs ami eaeh biMianu at its base cu.e to hve elect compressed laterally- 

 winged seeds; eot,\ ledons iwo. 



The name is from (Jieek root^ meaning "a loir (' ii/n-i ■■•s." 



Fur .s/,te/,.v .vt /)/.. -;-'-/•.;. 



THE JUNIPEES, (/.exus jrXU'ER L. 



Evergreen trei's and shiubs of the ncuthein hemisphere l'ia\-irig .luingent aromatic .inice. 

 genera!l,\" [ibrous bark and \er.A durabh- light odoixuis wlmmI. About thirt,\"-ti\"e speeiees are 

 known. In the Xew World they are distributed from the Aietic Cii"<le to the highlands of 

 Mexico. Lower Califoiaiia and the West Imlies in eleven arborescent species and or.e m- nvo 

 slirubhy. Two only of the ailtoresceut and one of the shrubby species are found in north- 

 eastern I'niled States. 



Lciir-s of two siuas. viz.. oiijiosite. scale-like, wiili ^land-like disk arc' appressed in four 

 ranks, or subulate and fi'i'e in whorls i.d' thi-ee. si's^ile. slcir]epoiiiie 1, without uland. cmtwx 

 below. c(Utca\"e and stoil^atiferinis abo\-e — both fiuans sonaaimes (Ui the s;une idanf. J'h.ir, rs 

 small, dneciovis or somiiinics nionoMi.ars. oblong, terminal nr .axillary, i he sianruaie ycbow. 

 with peltate scales i-ach beaiing U-C globose am hm-cells attached to lis base; the pistillate 

 consisiing of Ll-il opposite or peaiate fleshy pidnied s<-ales i.cicii bearing one co- twai ei-i-ct o\ai!es. 

 Fruit beriy-likc by a coalcsccaae of ihe fleshy scales of the llowci'. blue-bho k or red, with white 

 bloom, suiocuh or maiked wiih poinis of the llower-scah-s. ilosed or open, containing usually 

 one to six bt>n.\" wiULLless seeds ami reiiuiring one to tlirei.- y<.'ars ti.^ attain niaturit.\" : cot:.- 

 leilons l!-ii. 



r/;n///H'rN.v is the (.dassieal Latin name of the Jimij'ir. 



T<KV TO THE SPECIES. 



a la'aves of U kiuils. liotli scale-like aial subulate: llowers terminal: bmls nnk.-d 



iNIa Miiana' its fi nil in am limn id' the lirst .reason J, Vir£.iniana. 



Maluriiii; its fruit in aiiluiiin of seioud seascui J. sccpuloruiu. 



a* L<;aAes all subulate : llowers axilhiry : buds scal,\" J. coiuiuuiiis. 



/■',,)■ .y.iri.s s. , ,,/,. .; ; ;t ,,»,/ /;,, i,,u,nn,i,i: 



Westekx Led i^kp.m;. •/. xroimlnrmi Sai:;-. .V tree ver,\- similar to the east.aai Ked (^eilar 

 but with somewdiat larger fruit, eontaining usually 11 seeds and maturing at the close of ihe 

 second season. 



CLASS II, ANGIOSPERM^. 



In distincticui from the class of ]dants known as the I ! iiiiinnxiirnnir we now lake up 

 r/i(«x //, Ihe A triin^iirriinr. wliicli incluih's all oiIht Ehnvering I'lanrs. lis rcpre^euiatives 

 are iliotn;lit to b,. ,d' nau-c recent origin ih.in i hose of the I : inn inr^ih nmr and aie < haracuaa:'.ed 

 b.\" lia\anL: llowers in which tlu' r)\ules are biuiie in a closed ca\il.\' (the o\ar.\ i wliieh becomes 

 the frtiit at maluriM". 



Tile f'hass is divided inio twai sub.das-es. viz.. }l niine,<l iihihm^ and Du-n! uh ilmix. The 



former are plants in wdiich Ihe enibr.\o coni.ains a siiii:! it,\leilon or siaal leaf, the hanes 



are )iarallel-veiued. the iiaids of the llower are in ."s and Ihe simns .auisist of a mass of 

 Soft, pitli like tissue I pa rem h.\ iiui 1 peruiealeil wiili wire-like bun, lies of woody lissue ( fibro- 

 vasenhar !)undlesi. The I'alms. Ymcas. lUc., are n,>i' repres,aiiati\"es of this subclass, all 

 being conhiH.Ml lo warni (.■limalcs. 



Subclass 2. DYCOTYLEDONS. 



These are pl;ims in wdiieh Ihe enilir.No lonlains two cotvlc.lous. ihe leaves are netpal- 

 veined. ih" parls cd' Ihc tlowaa' ai,' niosily in ds ,-,r .'s ami Ihe -Pans .■.aisisi ,d' bark, waiod and 

 piili. increasing by annual ha.\ers of wauid insh!,. ih,, baik. Tliey .■miiprise by f.ar Ihe greabn- 

 Iiart of th,' lloweriug ]d,anls iiKdnding all of ll,' l r,es ,,!' nori he: n IcniiMa'ai,' n-ghuis excepliiig 

 those of Ihe (hiss Clint, lusii, rrlir. The subclass is di\ided iulo . I/, ,/,//,(. I\, 1 11 ju lalir and 



Goiii'ijn hilir, whiili we will lake up in ord.er. 



Division 1. A?ETAL.ffi:. 



Elow'.M-iiiL' planis in wliiidi Ihe corolla and also ihe calyx somelimcs is wanting. 



