IIa^'dbook of Ti;k]':s ov tih-; -XoirruKRx Statkh and Canada. 433 

 WALNUT FAMILY. JL'liLANDACE.E. 



A family of six fieiieia :\nil aboiU I liirly-livc spc. ii>s ol' iniiiortanl I roes witli aromatic 



hark ami wan-ry juice, mcislly ol' the wanner parts of the north temiierale zone. Two senera 



arc represented in the United Stales. 



Lciiris alterm\le. deeidnons. odd-piiinal e, witli Ions i;"roii\('d petioles exstipniate. the 

 leaflets sessile or m'arl\' so exeepiin^' the lerrninal nne which is nsnalh' lonu-.stalked. /''/(orcz-s 

 niono?cious, opening ntler tlii' uidoldins- ct llie liMves; ihe staniinate hi hni;;- di'iiepiie^ lateial 

 aments (Oi the growth of the previous season: cal\x :', tn C.-lched. eacli in the axil of and 

 adiiate lo a bract: stamens several with short dislima filaments and hnisitudinally dehiscent 

 anthers: pistillate in spikes or solitary lerminatinK Ihe new giciwili. hi'acti>ate .and nsnally 

 Iwiidiracl.'olati' : calyx :i-.'idnl)ed : ovary infiaaor and 1-cidled .m' inc(niipl|.|.d\- :!-t-ci'lh>d and 



iiintaininu a siditar\- erect ci I hotropcars c)\-ule ; sl\le shoia «ilh i: phi se stimnas. /'rait 



a bony incompletei.\- li-d-celled nut inclosed in an indchis. ent or 4-valved exocarp : seed withont 

 albumen, large. soliUiry. I'dolieil. fleshy and very oily ; cotyledons lldohed. coiaargated or 

 siuuose : radicle miuute, superior, at apex of nut. 



KEY TO THE GEXI'IRA. 

 Husk of fiaiit indehiscent ; nut mosi 1,\- sculptured: staminate aments simple: pith segmented. 



Juglans. 

 Husk 4-valveil: nu( mit scadiilni'cd : staminate aments branched: pith not segmenti'd. 



Hicoria. 



THE WALNUTS AND BUTTERNUTS. Genus JUGL.VXS L. 



Trei's with dark ciilored durable hi',iil-w I, f\iia'ci\ved bark, stout bianchlels, lannnated 



pilh and edible nuts. Ten sjieiai's are known, four of which are natives of the failed States, 

 two of the northmn .Vllantic states, one of the southwestern states and one of Ihe I'acific 

 coast re'.;inn. 



Lciiii-i with stout |}ubescent iietioles aia) 11-17 snlisi^ssile, obhai,gdanc(H)la te leallels which 

 ai'e mosth' fi'om 2 to 4 intdies long, ri.aimled and um'i|nal al ba^i'. linely serrale exi-i-pl at base. 

 a(aite oi- a<auuiuale and danim.v" puliesccal at IcasI when ycnng, largose altoNc : le.af-buds 

 suijeriiosed. f-loirris staminale in thick divKijiing c\lindric;il .anaaifs I'.-.'i in. long or more; 

 cal.vx usu;ill,\" r.dolu'd. lighr ,\"elhiwish gieen. jaibernhius outside: stamens S-40 \\alh nearly 

 sessile d.ark t)idwn anthers: pisiillate Ihiweis in few-flroA'ei'cd s|iikes at the latds of tlie 

 shoots of Ihe se;is(oi \vith N'illons lacinialcd in\ohi<a-e: calyx 4-liibed : |)elals 4. allernate 

 with the sepals ,aml adnate to Ihe o\'aiy: pislil willi \('i.\* slioia slyle: (wo plumose slignnrs 

 f\ni\ usiuill,\' L*-ce]|ed i)\-ai\'. l-'itii! glcbcsc or o\"'>id Willi hlirons soiuewdial riesh,\' indehiscent 

 pxocai'p .and an ovnid nr flattened ginbnse hard I hiik-walled rugose or sculiitured imhdiiscent 

 endocarp i nut ) \Ahicli is L*-4-ceIled ;it base: seed deepl.v loliii'd. 



The name is of Latin diai\"alion ineaiiing init o/ 'fore. 



KEY TO TflE Sl'l'lCIES. 



Fruit suhgdobose. pa|iill"se (not visiad I : leallets 1."i-'j:i J. nigra. 



Fruit pointed-ovoid, viscid-pubesciait ; leatlels 11-17, \iscid-puliescent J. cinerea. 



For spicKX sec ]iii. )>^-'il. 



THE HICKORIES. Genus HICORI.V Raf. 



Tlie Hickories are conhm'd lo the (lanpei'atc reginns of easlern Xnrtli .\merica ranging 



from (he \alley of the St. I.awrcii.'C Uiver to tlie highlands of Jlexicn. Tbta'i' are .about 



a dozioi s|iecies, all being found within tlie T'nited Slales excepting one. Their weed is very 



strong, flexible ami more valuable than aii,\- other «-ciods for cia-tain uses. They have smooth 



gray bark when ynuiig, but with age become lissured into hard plales and scales. The branches 



are tough ;iiid flexible and tlie pilh solid. 



r.c«rc.s- with (hick and flrin o\ate lo nbovate leaHels. ino-easiug in size from below up- 

 wards, ofliai glalidnlar-diitted. usually uiiei|iial al base, and aiaimimite a( apex, serrale, \eins 

 cfoamonl.N- forking near the margins. I'li>iriis : slaminale ainenls slender, dronping and 

 iisuall.\- ill llirees wilh common pjeduncle from the axils of leaf-scars at lln' base of the shoots 

 of the sea-:oii or ill clusters from buds in the axils of leaf-scars near Hie summit of the 

 growth of Hie ]ire\iiiiis season, the laleral liranches fiom I lie axils id' persistent bracts; 

 calyx i:-:; Icbed. adiiale lo the bracts: slaiiiens :M(I «'i(li o\:i I e-nbhing hairy aiilliers: pistillate 

 flowers sessile, ill iiiosily U-lll-flowered terminal spikes: cal.Nx uner|uall.\- 4-lol)ed : stigmas 

 sliort-|iaiiillosc. /'iiiil siilirhibose. oblong. o\did or )i,\ rifoiiu. wilh liusk (cpicariH wmidy at 

 maturilv and se|iaraliiig more or less com|detely into 4 \ahi's. the sniiiies alteinale with 



