IlANDr.(.)()iv (11' Ti;1':ks of tiik Xoim'iikkn Statks axd Caxada. 427 



b' Bi'oail-(i\":ilf, i(ir(l:iU' ;il !):iso. \ia]o or insly l)c'iic:i|]i P. candicans. 



b' Ovatr, p.-ilc III' iiisly lii'iiratli. rmmilril in' wiilo riiiirati-' at liasr. linrl.N' riTiia h'-sna'a le, 



aniiiiiiiarr P. balsaiuifera. 



b'' Hcart-sliaiK'il, lai'^r. alinipl at aprx, i.aTiialc-si'iral r ami iii-linlcs sliuliilv il' :i t all 



llalleiinl P. lieterophylla. 



a" Btids lint icsiii-iMial I'll : Iimm's orhicular-iiN-alr : priioirs Imiu- and 

 b Flattnieil latcrall\- i I x//r//,v i ami nltrs ot lra\rs 



Finely (aH'iiati-'-scri'ato : liinls Kiabiniis p. tremviloides. 



Coarsely dentate : hnds sniitx -|iuhesreiit P. grandideiitata. 



b= Slightly if at all llatleiicd ; lea\es densely white-tonienlose lienealli. P. alba. 



I'lir xjKcirs sec pp. :n-Il.i ami ti'ir fdlliiu-hnj : 



Et'ROI'KAX El.ACK r'OPI.AR. /'. iihira T.. A lar^e \\-ide-s]e.vadiiiu European live and m^arly 

 a century aso was reported (as /'. II iiih,iiiii;i Miehx. and /'. In I iilijnUii rnrsh.l as naturalized 

 in this eonntr\-, but it is rare in a iia I iira lizi'd stale. Tlir eliaraeiers ui\eii helovv are nf ilie 

 typical /'. iiii/ni. and are eipially apjilicalde in llie Eiiinhardy I'oidar (\ar. Iliiliiin except as 

 noted in the eoiisideral inn of I hat Iree. Lrarm liroad-delt.dd. wiile-ciineal e or almosl triincale 

 ac base, abrnptly acamiinale al api'x. la'cnaie, pnbeseeiii al lirsi hnl rinally ^labrons, Hriii, (lie 

 blade usnally widin- than lonu' : petioles Imi^-. slender and lalnrally emnpressed. l-'loirri-s: 

 staniinntc anaaits 1 i ,,-;; ip. jieeomini;' lon;;-er : siainens ahonl -It; pistillate anicLils li-n in. lon.i;'. 

 becoming longer. Fniil: capsides oblong, obtnse, shorl-stalked. 



BIECH FAMILY. BETLXACE.E, 



Trees ami a few shrnlis of the northern heinisphere coinnionly with fragrant aroinalic 



propei'ties and grouped in six genera of \a liich h\'e an- found in North Aiaeriea. 'Idiey have 



the folli>\\"ing eliara; ters in eoninion : 



fjrai-rs simple, allernale. jietioled, ))inlli^■eined. obliiinely idieaie in Aeiiation, der-idnoiis ; 

 stipules fuga<-ions ; braiahlets len-ie. I'httirrs in earl\ siniiig iiefme or willi the unfolding of 

 the lea^'e.s, moncecions ; the st.aminate in elongateil ]iendiiloiis l.aleral anienis, in the axils 

 of the biaets of ^\-lii<li aie borne 1-:; small tho^aas. willi or wiilionl e;il\x and L!-1I0 small 

 erect stamens inseiii-Ml on llie r(-ee])laele, willi dislinet (ilamenls and U-eelled (■xlrorse anthers 

 opening longil iidimilly : ]iisl illale flowers in slaaa s]i iked ike or i a pit.ale ameiits. from la leral hnds 

 with or "\^"ithont calyx, with l'-e<dled (>\:iry and li-ch-ft or hirnrrate style stigmalic al llie a|iex 

 or i.in the inner siirlanes of lie branolies and a single anatropons iiendiilmis o\iile in eaeh 

 cell of the o\ary. I'r.il a small mostly ]-relled l-seeded nut or samara; seed solitary, 

 suspended, williont albumen, Math large and fleshy eot.\ledons and short radiele. 



KEY TO THE CEXEKA. 



a Xntlet wingless, from the axils of dc-idnous scales and more or less imdosed in an 

 iii\oiiaie: staminate fhjwers siditai'y in tlie axils of the seales of Ihe animl and \\iilioiit 

 eal.\"x : involncre of frrrit 

 b I'dat. opmi, .■!-<deft and foliaceons ; staminate amenis in winter inclosed with fnid-seales. 



Carpinvis. 



b' A closed liladderdike sae ; staminate aments in winter naked Ostrya. 



a' Xnllet more or less wiir^i d. in the axils of )ieisisteiit soales and H'itlioiit involinrc; 

 staniinale flowei's .'"l-Ci toi;ellier in the axils of the scales of the aimails and witli calyx; 

 brads of (he fruiting ammils 

 b Three-lobed. Iliiii and (h'ciduons ; stamens 2 wilh L'diranched lilamiaits; winter hnds 



covered wilh seales Betula. 



b= Erose or ,'dobed, Ihiekencd, \\aHjd\- and persistent; wings ol niillel more or less redmed ; 

 winter bmls nakeil Almis. 



THE HOENBEAMS. Genus CARPI XL'S L. 



Trees of about a dozen spi-cies witli smooth gray Beeehdike bark, furrowed and ridged 



trunks, and ciili I lo lln' northern hranispheng bnt only one is found native in Norlh 



America. The following are llie generic cliaraiters : 



Lnirrx ovate, aiaife or aiaiminale, wilh rn^arly straight iiromineiit \eins. Fhnvrrs in 

 .April- staminate am(Mits iiendnlons and w\\\\ iwomiiienl iieail.\' sessile lo'oad o^aite aiaile 

 seales in the axils of whieh are found the naked llowns r nisisl in- ol seNri'al stamens wilh 

 short slender I wodirancia-d filamiails. each branch beariin;- a 1-celled lial l-aiil her hair,\ at 

 ajicx ; pisiillale ameiils slender, fewdh.wered and I.eanina! on leaf.\- hninoldels ,d llie m'iii, 

 with small decidnons scales, eaeh snbleiided b\- a pair ol' Howie's vdimli an' liirnishi'd eaili 



with a small acnte brai-t and inir of braetlels: ealvx adnale lo II vaiA ; slc^mas 2 snimliile. 



Fruit a small comjiressed oxoid piominenll\- ribbed mil. tin|ied Willi ealvx-loOes and allalieil 

 at its base iiiilil niatnrify to a lai'ge foliaeeons .'Idobed pale-uieeii in\oliiere formed from the 

 enlarsed lirml and liraeilels of the llower. 



Carpiiiii" is the anciiait Lai in name of the European II nriilirtnii . 



For .s/yccic.S' st'i pjK ll)-ll'>- 



