42S Betulace.e. 



THE HOP-HORNBEAM. Genus (ISTR^ A Scop. 



Trees of wide disliihiition ihrou.i^liuiU the uorlheru lieniis|.ihei(\ wiili s<'a]y bai-k. slender 

 terete !:>r;iiirl]I('ls and hard ratlior i lusf-.^raiurd wood. Foui' sjiimj. s aie kiiuwti. twn of whi^h an' 

 North Anierii'an. (hie uf them {(). l\ ituirldjui Co\'. I , as far as known, is found only in the 

 Grand Canyon of the Colorado Uiver in Arizona, and the other is a romnion tree widely dis- 

 tribuled t hron.iidiont the eastern T'nited States and Canada. 



J.citri s open and eonea\-e in ihe hud. nioi-f oi- less idaited on the ne;irly si rai.^ht \eiMs. 

 Floircrs expandin,p; hefor(- tlie leaves: staniinale anients in rlustrrs of a frw rnoli wiih shoi i 

 stalks or ^^essile. de\-eh)]iiMl the ])revioiis season near ilie mds of tho liranrhlri^ and nakrd mikI 

 conspieuous dnrins the ^\"iiUei' : stamens M-4, crowded on a i-eeejitaidi' ;il ihe li;ise of a hrond 

 oyate pointed oom-ive scale longer than the stamens: filaments shoi't. J-hranideMl. ea-li hinmii 

 hearing a 1-eelh-d half-anther hairy at apex; pistillate tiowers in small loosr suhi'i'eii ainenr 

 terminatinji" leafy slioots anil with lari^^e pointed deeiduons seates al the hase of each of wlirji 

 are 2 flowers each surronndrd 'i\iih a tnhnlar persistent aci-resrrnt involmap; ralyx adnate 

 to tlie ovary; style 2-brain'hi'ih Fruit an o\-(nd flattened jioinfed nnUet. imdosed in an en]ar,ued 

 pale memiiranoiis closed sac formed h\- the enlarged iinohn-re anil these loi;ether fiirmin,^' a 

 strobile very mnch resembling a ho)t, siisprmled by a slei'der siem. 



O.'^tri/d is the classical Latin name of the iMiropean species. 



For ■sjKcics .SIC pp. llG—111. 



THE BIRCHES. Genus BETl'LA L. 



The I!ircb''s constitute a eoiisidei-nlile niid iniiim-laiit part of the forests of the Northern 

 Hemispheri' of l.oth the Old and tlie New Woidds. Althousii a few are slii-nbhv sinries most 

 of them are ]ai'g"e and liandsome and oflen aronmtie fonst (reos. some of exeepitional ornamental 

 valtte ^^■ith more or less laminate and resinons hai'k, \"ei'y tonj^li slender l\viL;s and eeipioiis 

 Avatei-y and slightly sae<'harine sa]). 



Ltiii-ts sei'rate, (leiilate. or sometimes ini-iseh- lobed. nsnally thin, from scaly piointed 

 sessile buds; stipules si-arious and fuii-a<d(Uis. /'/cecr.v nnfiddins with or lud'orc the heaves ; 

 the staminnte in iiendulous often idnslered scssih' anicnls \vhi(di form the jtrexious season and 

 remain erect and naked durin,^ tlii' wdnt^'r at oi' ncai' the ends of the brancldcts and rajudly 

 develop expanding their golden flowers in carl>" spidim ; scales hroad-r)\-ale willi the \\\n laP'ral 

 flowers ailnate to their bases; calyx mcmliranous, usually ddobed ; sianiens '_' wiili short 

 2-parled filaments, each filament beai-ing and am hci-cdl : iiisiillaic nnMuiis small oldoiri; or 

 eylindi'ical. usually piMlunidcil, terminal iu.^' shori lalcial L*-lea\"ed branchlets and willi closely 

 imbricated .'Mobcd pcrsisient accresreiil seal's; calxx \^"antirig; instil A\itli comjiresscd si^ssile 

 ovary and 2 spreading persistent styles sliginatic at Ihe aiiex. I'luit creci, iucliiu'il ic 

 pendulous stroliiles with thin woody .'l-lobcd si'ales and 'A lalerally winged nnllcts pi each 

 si'ale and these with the scales falling awa\" from the central axis of the strobile at malurilj. 



lUtuhi is the classical name of thi> l!ircli-tr<-c. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



a P.rancldrds. etc.. not aronmtie; strobiles 



b I 'ylinibieal. willi long shuidei' iicihincles ; wings broader than nutlet; scales 



o I'uliescEuit. laieral lobes lu-oad and I'ccairved ; bark iioi easily separable inio layers; 

 lea\"es will) long shaider peiiidcs, hitig .acuminate and 



Deltoid, wide and mostl.\- iruiiealcd al base, brighi green B. populifolia. 



Ovale, nioslly I'oiinded or wedge-shaped al base, ibill blue-green,. B. coerulea. 

 c' Ckibrous wdlli spri'ading lateral lobes; lea\-es mosily ovate and rounded al b.ase ; bark 



creani,\' white and seiiarating l'reel.\- into la,\(a-s B. pairyracea. 



b' Oblong, slender, pedumded. mostl,\ lueci and lobes of scales linear-oblon:; ; leaves acule. 



B. nigra, 

 a^ P»rnnclilets and inner l)ar!< .■iromalic; strobiles oblong-oxadd. siiiisessile. m'cci ; wings not 

 broadia- llian nulli't; le:i\es shariily 

 b Serrale; scales of stobilcs shorl gkabrous and wdlh nuinded laieral lobes; b.ark dark 



brown ;iiid scal,\' B, l-^nta. 



b' I)onbl.\- serrale, scales longer and wilh oblong lobes; bark \cllow or siherv and Laminate. 



B. lutea. 

 /■'or xii-rirn .^rr pp. IIS-127 Ulid llir fulhnlilin: 



Blue RriiCir. firtiiln rmiilni Pdanch. .\ small tree oecashmally .'10 ft. in height with 

 trunk S-IO in. in diainelei- le.'ciilly described as round in siail h.o n \"eianoiit and northern 

 iMaine and m;iy be Inund elsewhen. in Xev\ ba'^d.a n-l. Ii lesembles Ihe />'. pnpiiVi fiilia but 

 IS said to diffm- in lia\ing lea\es ralliio- o\alc in oiilline. inei-e ciineate .a I lease and with dull 

 I bcsh green ii]i|.(a- surfaces. The bark of trunk is .'escribr'd as being moie liistr,ais and of a 

 pinkish while color. 



