JIaahuucjIv (_>!.■ Ti;i-;ks (jf tjii-; A'dirrii i';r;N States a.\d ('anada. 431 



A\ ith bi-(iad voimdeil .sinusi's ; iiinpr hark ri'ddisli Q. coccinea. 



With iiai'i-uw sinuses Q. borealis. 



e= Scalps lai-,i;ci\ IoospIv inilii-irali-d and fipp at iiiai^uiii (it clip; lc:i\cs cli(.\atc with 



iiari'cw.a- sinuses ; iiiiici- liai I; ydluwisli Q. vellxitina. 



c- r.ca\i's whiiisli tcinciilosc liciicatli and ninstly witli 



d Sh(.it liroad l.ihcs : Iimvps mostly .cmvali- Q. nana. 



d- Eloimati'd and ni.irc or less faleati' lohes ; leaves 



lioiiiided ur obtuse at hasp, ohovati' lo olilniik' with ."-."i mosllv I'lie- " i ■iainiiihii- 



l'''"'^ ' Q. digitata. 



( unpale, ovale oi' oldoii^- wall T.-ll mostly I'ahale IoIk's.... Q. pagodaef olia. 



b- Leaves :;-.eloheil Heal' the apex ol' elllil'e, .,li(i\'ate uf SJiatuhlte 



Widp-obovate, cuiieate. I'usty laibesceut heiieath Q. Marilandica. 



Spatiilate-obovale, glabrous q nigra. 



b' Leai-es usually eutiie ami laueeolate to oblong, iuvolutp iu the bud and 



Lineat-oblon^-, acute al hotli ends, glabrous Q. Phellos. 



(•blani-polate to oblong, shining dark green abo\e. paliT and glabrous beiuMth. 



Q. laurifolia. 



Oblong-lanceolati' to oblong or ovale, piiheseiait beneath Q. inibricaria. 



a- Aeoins nnaturing in the autumn of the first xear; sladls glabrous inside' aboiai\e o\uIps 

 b.isal: siamens li-.s : st,\ les shcHd (Il7n7.' <}iihs\. 

 b Li'a\-es piniialely lohed or lyrate-iiinal ibd with lobes rounded at apex (not hrislle-ti|iiicd ) 



I IpcidlloUS 



c (ilabions beneath, .ililiiinely I'.-'.ldobed and conduiilicate in the bud; cup shallow, 



Q. alba. 

 c- ruliescpnt lipneath and stellate puliescent above, usually 5-lobpd, con\olii|p in llie hud. 



Q. minor, 

 c' White tonipiitosp beneath 



Lyrate-|)innatilid ; cup fringed with free ends of scales Q. macrocarpa. 



Ilppply ."i-'.Moiipil ; cup not fi'ingpd and nearly im losing the nut Q. lyrata. 

 b= T.ea\"Ps coarsely la-eiiaie-h, orbed 



c Fruit with peduncles niiich hmger Ihan iietioles Q. platanoides. 



c Fruit with iiwIniKles slautcr than or about equal to the petiole: leaves «-hHish 

 t(Uneiitose biMieath 



P.ark scal.N- whilish Q. Michauxii. 



P.;irk Hiinly lidged, gr.ayish liron n Q. Prinus. 



b' Leaves coarsely re]i,and-serrate, lanceolate to obovate ; 



Tall trees Q. acuminata. 



Shrubs or very small trees Q. prinoides. 



b"* Leaves niostl,\" entire, thick and e\a^rgreen Q. Virginiana. 



/-'or njir^-irs xrr pp. /,^,S'-/,\7 iind ilir fnjlciri mi : 



Rear O.vk, Barren Oak or Sci-.tb <")ak, 9. itaiui Sarg, ( Syn, t^. iUrifrilin Wang.. Q. 

 piiniilii Slldw. 1. 'I'liis is an i lit rii'a tcly blanched shrub ranging fi(mi Maine lo \'irginia, 

 chieriy coastwise, occnpying saiid\- baniois and hillsides and s(aiietimes fmaiiing \ast and 

 almost inipenclnd le thickets. Mi. Win. T. Favis has found it on the Fine F>arreiis of Xcw 

 Jersey assrrming tin' habit of a small widc-lopped Irpp FS or I'll ft. in hei.ght with trunk 5 or tl 

 in. in dianieler. U is cliaraciiaized as I'ollows : Linirx mostly olinvale, 'J.-V\ in. long with 

 'bT (ilsnany ." l short sjn-eadlng lirisi le-l ippeil lobes, cuneale. more or less ]iiibescent at lirst, 

 at maturit.x" lliick- lirm lustrous dark" green abo\'c. wdiitisli laibesccnt bcnealli: iietioles sliort. 

 riijinis staminate amenis hairy, (il'leii persist ing hi(e iiilo the summer: iiistillale Ilowers \\-ith 

 red ri'<airA>'d stigmas. /-^liif iioriie in i:real aim iida nee. nioslly s(ililar,\" or in paii's. sessile (u- 

 nearl.\" so: acorns globose-o\ <dd. aboui i ,, in. long and half invested ]iy the tisuall,\' Inrljinate 

 cup of small (dosel,)' imbricated scales. 



Sfiity; r'liE.STN't'T O.VK. (J. jiriiKiiilis ^Villd. A shrubby oak distributed from i\Frine to 

 Xortli Carolina and we-lward into ,\ebr:is|<ii. Kansas and Texas. occnp,\ilig rocky slopes and 

 <!r\ sapd\' nplati'b' and is iisiialh" oiil\- a sloln ni reions shiaib i'roin li-."> reef in heiglil, ^^'est 

 of the ^AFssissiiiiii i;i\-er il soincliines assumes a Iree-like habil of grovlh but only atlaining a 

 hei.ght of 10 or 1.". ft. wiih triud; I or ."i in. in dianieler. hi holanieal charactias it elosidy 

 resembles Q. iiriiiiii mi In . but with smaller ami more rmnolel.\- lolled lemes and shorter petioles, 

 and acorns with 'he|i(-'r <-iips and more turgid scales. 



(JR.W ().\K. <). horialis ;\Fclix. f. (also (,). iiiu liifiiia Miehx. f . I . .-V large tree, oceasiomilly 

 found from Ontario and (jneliee to the monnlains of Xorlli Carolina. Iiearing leaves like 

 Q. riilini and fruit liki' (J. mmmn. F is considered b\ some a distinct species and by otlim's, 

 and tirooably more cijire.ily, only an abeirant form of <,). nihiii. 



JIaiiy natural li\brids are round among the Oaks, 'ome of which lane been named and 

 described' !i.\- ea'd\- botanisis as dislinct species, Tliier ■.,-ii'- and local d isl I'diiil ion. liow-e\-er. 

 and oeiairrmicc [ml,\- in localilies wdiere certain other Oaks whose characters lliey more or less 

 share 111 col ill occur seem comdusi\e evidence of li,\biiilizal ion. The folhiwing cases lia\e 



been lloleii : 



rv. Umll.iiii Frillon = (\>. M aiililmlirn -■' <}. I'lirllnx. 

 r) lliillaiii W. 'I\ Tia\-is ^ I,). Miirihimlicii Y Q. miiia. 



(). Iirlriiiphlllhl ,\F'chx, = (,). I'll, linn ■ (,>. nihiil. 



f). I.iiimi .\illt, = 1.). iiiihnriiriii ■- <<. nliilimi 



(J. Iniliiiliilii I'higidiii. = (,). iiiiliririiriii X <,'. ]l <l rihi mlirii . 



()thcr li.vbrids lia\i' been found wdiicli liii\e nol I n named. 



