Handbook of Tre.ks of the Northern States and Canada. 433 



of the upin'i- leaves; calyx deeply .l-T-lobed, deeiilnmis ; stamens incurved in tile bud and in 

 the staminate flowers erect and exserted, those ot the perfect flowers remaining short , 

 ovary sessile, ovoid and crowned by two diverging retlexed styles, stigiuatic on the inner faces; 

 ovule auatroiious. I'riitt a suli-globose drupe, witli firm skin, thin sweetish flesh and bony 

 or rugose pit ; seed with curved embryo and scanty albumen. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Leaves sharply and coarsely serrate C. occidentalis. 



Leaves entire or nearly so C. Mississippiensis. 



For species see pp. 192-195. 



MULBERRY FAMILY. MORACE.E. 



Tree's, shrubs and herbs of over nine hundred species, generally with milky juice and 



natives of temperate and tropical regions. They are grouped in lifty-four genera of which 



four are reiircsented in North American trees, three being indigenous and the fourth a 



naturalized species. 



Learc.s coiiduplicate or involute in the bud. petiolate. alternate, deciduous, with caducous 

 stipules inclosing the leaf in the bud. Floirers moncpeious or dicx'cious. small, in ament-like 

 spikes or heads, from the axils of caducous l)uil-scales or of the lower leaves of the shoots 

 of the season; .-alyx :-;-."'clobcil cr parted; c'oi'olla none; stamens 1 to 4. insei'ted on the 

 bases of (he cal.\"xdol)es ; ov.-iry suiierior, l-ll-celled ; styles 1-2; ovules solitai'v, auatropous 

 and pendulous. Fyuit an aggregation of drupelets, each inclosed in the thick' fleshy calyx. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 



Both staminate and pistillate flowers in spikes; leaves dentate and lobed ; compound fruit 



oblong Morus. 



Staminate flowers racemose ; pistillate capitate 



Leaves erenate-.serrate, velvety and on vigorous shoots, lobed Broussonetia. 



Leaves entire, glabrous, not lobed Toxylon. 



THE MULBERRIES. Genus MORUS L. 



Trees of eight or ten species. \\'\t\\ milky juice and mostly of the tropi'-al and north 

 temperate regions of both hemispheres. Two are indigenous to the United States, one being 

 found along the Mexican frontier and the other in most of the Atlantic states. A thii-d 

 is a species introduced from Japan and easti'rn Asia and extensively naturalized in eastern 

 United States. 



Leare.t sei-rale-dentate and sometimes o-.'-lobed or mitten-shaped, all forms often on 

 the same ti'ee. .'i-nci'ved at base. Flowers small, appearing with the unfolding of the leaves 

 or soon after; lie staminate in cylindrical, jtedunculate ament-like spikes; calyx deeply 

 4-lobed : stamens 4. opposite the caly.x lobes, inflexed in the bud. straightening out elastically 

 ( thereby scatteidng the pjollen ) and becoming exserted ; anthers 2-celled. introrse. longitud- 

 inally dehiscent: iiistillate flowers sessile, in shorter compact si)ikes ; calyx 4-parted. with 

 thick persistent lubes envclojiing the flattened ovoid ovary wliich is crowned with two white 

 spreading stigmas. Fruit ii hlacklie'-ry-like agL' ri'gat 'lui of diu]iclcts ( .viHcnr/) I . each tiiJiied 

 with the remnants of the styles and formed by the nutlet enveloped by the succulent enlarged 

 and colored calyx ; seed pendulous with curved embryo and scanty albumen. 



Morus is the ancient Latin name of the M ullierrii-tree. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath ; fruit imriile M. rubra. 



Leaves glabrous or nearly so both sides ; fruit usually white M. alba. 



For speeies see pp. 19G-199. 



THE PAPER MULBERRY. Genus BROUSSOXETIA \'ent. 



Trees anil slii'ubs of three or fnur species with milky juice and natives of eastern Asia, 

 one species bc-ng wid. ly naturaliz'il in eastern T'nited States. 



Leans both alternate and opposite, entii-e or toothed, serrate, without lobes or variously 

 1-5-lobed. petioled. M-nerved at base. Floirers dioecious, staminate in cylindi'ical nodding 

 ament-like suikes; calyx 4-]iai-ted; stamens 4; ])istillate flowers ca|iilale with tubuhii' ]ierianth. 

 stalked ovary ^lud 2-cleft style. Fruit in a globular head and nutlet exserted with enlarged 

 'red fleshv stipe and ]ieriantli. 



Named in licuiu- of T. A . 1 . Broussonrt. a Ercnch iiatui-alisl. 



For species sec pp. .^tH>-..iOL 

 28 



