440 EoSEACE,E. 



LONU-LEAF or SwA.Mi' Ser\ ICE-BERRY, .1. ohovalis (Michx. ; Ashe. A small tree or shnib 

 fouud in swamps and inuist loc/alitii's of noi-tliern states and northward. Liaies obhjng to 

 broad-ellipticah IV'o-- in. long, mostl.v ronnded or obtuse at base, arute oi' roumled at apex, 

 finely serrate, whitish wool.v when they unfold, nearly glabrous at maturity, t'loircrs in dense 

 raremes I'A--!!/!; in- long, at first hairy but becoming glabrous; petals about -".s in. long. 

 Fruit depressed'globose, Va ^^- ™ diameter, from red to dark purple, glaueous. 



Western Service-berry or .TtTXE-BERiiY, A. nhiifoJia Xuit. A small ti'ee of the I'acifie 

 eoast region ranging eastward to Manitoba and nortliei-n Jfirliigau. fnit is onl\- a shi-ub east 

 oi the rtocky Mountains. It is eharacterized by having thiekish broad ellijjtical to su'iorfdeular 

 leaves obtuse to truneate and coarsely dentate at apex, and .short rather dense racemes, 



THE HAWS OR THORNS. Genus CR.-\T.E( ;L'S L. 



The Haws. Thm-us, Hawthorns or Thorn-apples, as they are variously called, are gen- 

 erall,\- low wide-spreading trees or shrubs, with very strong tortumis branches ai-nied wilh slifl' 

 sharp thorns I though sometimes unarmed), with somewhat zigzag bi-anchlets and \is\nilly 

 with dark or gray scaly bark. They are inostl.\- confined to north tempi'rate regions, with 

 the bulk of distribution in eastern United States. Twenty years ago scarcely a score of 

 species were recognized in -Vmerica and fewer abroad, btit it \\"as thought that many of the 

 species presented almost innumerable forms. 



Within the past few years much attention has lieen paiil to the sub.iect. and now the list 

 of named species numbers more than six hundred. The validity of many of these, however, 

 is extrem<-I.\' problcmati(.-al, as observers working in different localities have nuide obser\at ions 

 and assigned names quite independently of each other, and when the studies have been more 

 extended and results compared, doubtless many of the names must be relegated to synonymy. 

 The value of certain characters, too, uinni whicli to determine specific rank, are matteis of 

 controversy, and can only be determined by more extensive observation and agreement. 

 Kxtensive exi>eriments are being conducted, notabl.v at the Arnold Arboretum, undi'r the 

 direction of Prof. ('. vS. vSargent, to determine liow far se(-dling jdants will present the 

 characters of their jiarents, and the results will be looked upon with mmdi interest. 



I )ue to the ju'esent unsettled condition of the subject it is imiiossilde to present the 

 genus with the completeness accorded the other genera, and it has Iieen decided to tal^e up and 

 ilhtstrate only a few of the most distinct or common sp(^cies, defining them as outlined by 

 Prof, Sargent. 



Lenrvn conduidi<'ate in the bud, simple, petiolate, generally serrate, and often also lohcd, 

 es])ecially on \igcrous shrjcUs, deciduous; stiiiules caducous or on vigorous shoots rd'Ien 

 foliaceotis, Fhjircr^ in simple or <'omi(Otind corymbs terminating short lateral leafy branch- 

 lets, lowermost pedicels of a cluster often from the axils of leaves ; calyx obconii' with .1 

 a<-ute refiexed most],v persistent Iribes and ttd^e adnate to the cai'ptds; jietals .", white and 

 pinkish, spri'ading and inserted on the throat of the calyx: stamens normally ."> in one row 

 and altci'iiate with the pietals or 10 in 5 i)airs, or IT* in '2 niws, those of the outer io\\- in 

 pairs, or I'O in ."> rows, or 2.0 in 4 rows; filaments subulale, incurved: anthers pale y.dlow lo 

 neaidy white, or from pink to dark rose and purple: o\ai'>" inferior, l-.~-ceiled witli 1 or '2 

 o^■ules in each cell ; styles l-.o, distinct, persistent. Frn'\f a ikhiic fr(nn slnirt globose fi oblong 

 or ])ear-shaped, mostly from red to yellow (sometimes bltie ov black) with f-.~» bony cariieis 

 united below and each containing usually a single erect compresseil sei'd. 



The name is from the ^.ireek word for strriii/tJi. I'efra-ring iei (he toughness of the wood. 



For .yri-icK s,c pii. :;',',-2r,i. 

 THE PLUMS AND CHERRIES. Genus T'RL'Xl'S P.. & IT. 



Trees and shndis with ])eculiar billei- .aslringent iM-nperlics, many conlaiuiirg prussic 

 acid and exuding a gum from (he baik when wounded. They are id' general distribution 

 throughout the leinpei'ate and tro}iical i-egions (d' Ihe nin-lhern henii^pher(> ;iuii m;iny repre- 

 sentatives are of gi-eat econonuc value. 1'here ai'c alioul one luindrcd Iwcniy species of which 

 some twenty-five or thii'lj' occur in the Tuited Stab's, eighleen of Ihese being arborescent. 



JjCiirrx alternate, simple. ]ieliidale. conduplieale or c.uivcdule in (he luid, deiddnous or 

 pei-sislent, senale (sometimi's entiri'l ; pelioles id'len uh'uidular: slipides small, caducous : 

 winlei' buds with closely indii'ii'aled scales, ihe innenuost acci-esciail . Il<iirrr>: ri^gnlar, 

 perfect; calyx inferior, deciduous, with .o lobes imbricapMl in ihi' bud and thin anutilar disk; 



