448 TiLIACE.E. 



Lrai\s nit.istly pinnate, dt'i-iduoiis. Fhnrrr^^ small, wirli short i)oili<els. in ani]tle rartain's 

 or panicles; sepals 4-5. uueeiual : petals of same number and alternate with the sepals, each 

 usuall.T with a scale at its base inside and inserted under the edge of the disk: stamens .S-10 

 inserted on the disk, t'qual. usually with hairy filaments in(.'huli'd in the perfect tiowers but much 

 longer and exserted in the staminate flowers: anthers versatile: ovary ascending and 3-celled 

 with a single ovule in each cell ; style columnar, short, and 2-4-lobed stigma. Fndt a 

 1-3 seediMl drupe-like berry. sui>;;hiticise lu- lJ-:.-l(ihru ; seed one in earn carpel, oljovate. with 

 smooth testa and hilum surroinnh'il ^\-iili silk>" h.iirs. 



The name is from suin> and Indus, meaning Indian soap. 

 F',r sp.rdrs srr pp. .ri'i-.'.r'i. 



BUCKTHORN FAMILY. RI lAlMXACK^^Z Dr^roRT, 



Trees and shrubs with \Aarery biiirr juirc ami nf about ii\'(-' hundred seventy-five speciCL'.. 



grouped in forty-five genera. They arc natives of warm and temjierat'' rrgions. aud six of the 



genera have arborescmit re|iresentativi's in the T'uited States. lUnnjiiiiis only beinu' represented 



in the uortheasteru states. 



T.'iirrs sim]ile. niostl\- alternate and often .'l-uerved ; stiimles small mostly deciduous. 

 Floii-'i-x small, greenish, mostly perfect; cal.\x -l-."-hibed \al\are; |ietals 4-.''i inserted on the 

 calyx : disk annular aud lining the calyx-tubi' cu- none ; st.amens opjiosite the petals and in- 

 serted with them on the edge of the (leshy disk: anthers introrse. versittile ; ovary superior. 

 2-.Vcelli'd with 1 auatro]ious ovule iu eaeli cell ; style columnar with ternunal stigma. Fruit 

 a drupe or drupe-like. ti]"ipiMl ^xirh 1 he veaumuts of the style; seed usually w-ith albumen. 



THE BUCKTHORNS. Ghxcs RHA:\rXr? L. 



Trees and shrubs with bitter bark ami often spinescent hrauehes. of about seventy species, 

 inhabiting chiefiy u(U-thern temperate and tropical regions. Five or six sjiecies are indigenous 

 to tile Vuited States aud at least one or t\\"0 otln-rs are naturalized frnm Europe. 



Liiiris mostly alternate ami dt-'cidmuis or jiersistent. jietiolate, eiuiduplicate in the btid. 

 Floirini ]ierfect or polygamous in small axillary cymes, racemes or |ianicles ; calyx campann- 

 late. 4-."-lobed ; petals 4-:">-emarginate and hooded around the stamen or none: stamens 4-."i 

 with \"ery shcH't lilameuts ; o\'ary 0"\'oid. free from the disk: style .3-4-cleft or lobed. Fruit a 

 drupe with suc(iilent flesh and 2-4-uutlets each contaiuiug a single erect grooved seed with 

 large fidiaeeous cotyledons ;iud scant .alliumen. 



The name is the elassical (ireen name of the lairopi-an liurl.-thvrn. 



KEY T() THE STErTES. 



a Lca\"es opposite. \\[t\\ .'-". tir 4 piairs <if arcuate \-eins rtiutiiuu' leneth\\"ise ; nutlets grooved. 



R. Catliartica. 

 a- Leaves alternate, with iVlil iiairs of \-i>ius rnuning to maruiu: nutlets smooth. 



Flowers and fiaiit iu sliori-iieduncleil mnbels R. Caroliniana. 



Flowers aitd fiaiit iu sessile utnbels R, Frangiila. 



l"or spiriis sec pp. .'iO'-.;/.'' iln<l tin fnllmrillii: 



Ar.uKR RrcKTTiiuix. RIniuiiiiis Fnuiniila L. A small tree or shrub of Europe, nortberti 

 Africa and westetai As':i. oee.isionally idauted in this conntry for ornami'utal pnirposes and has 

 tain wild in loc-iliiies. It is wry similar to the /,'. Ciiroliiiinini. differing chiefly in having rather 

 suuiller more obiusi- lea\"i's aud fhn\-i'fs and fruit iu sessile umbels. 



LINDEN FAMILY. TlIJACi:.!': Jiss. 



Trees, shiaibs aud herbs of about one hundred tliii ty-li\e ^euera atid two humlred forty- 

 five species. <'hielly troph'al ami tmu-e numerously reiu'eseiii e 1 in the sottilauai hetnisplau'e than 

 in the norlhcrti. 'I'liree genera are n'presenteil in North .Vmerie.a of which thi> fidlowing only 

 is arbori-seiuit. 



h:arrx sim]ile. deciduous, mostly alternate and sti]ailes sncill atid cadueo-us. Floirrrx 

 regular, perfect, ^laterally iu cymes or patiieles; sepals mosth ■">, \al\:Me. .leeiditotts : petals 

 of satiie iiutnber atal hyi"igenons. rarely nnu'e ; statoens inimerons; nistil solitary, sessile. 

 J-KI-c'elled : OMiles niosily analro]>ous: st,\le t.aiidu.il eolumuar; siieina capitate. Fruit 

 'Irnpaceous or luii liki-: s Is in fleshy alliuimti: eo[\ledotis foli:iceoits. 



THE LINDENS OR BASSWOODS. Cfm s TIT.IA R. 



The Tlassu.Hids tire widely distribuied ihfon::lioiit t lie ltan|ierale fi':;ioiis of the northern 

 hemis|iliere. none. hoWi'X'er, being fonml in western Ameriea or central .Vsia. They are gen- 

 erall\- lives o'' great economic iiiiporlance in the ]a-."ltt(tion of a soft \alii;ildc wood, a fibrous 



