WHITE CEDAR 



WHITE CEDAR. 



Cufrt^ssiis thyoidcs. ChaiiiiTcvpayis spha:roidca. 



Cuprcssus is the classical name oi the cypress tree. ChamiVcvparis 

 is of Greelc dei'ivation and means a low cypress. 



A conical evergreen tree with open, flat, fan-shaped spray, reaches 

 the maximum height of eighty feet. Prefers deep swamps and in 

 them forms impenetrable thickets. Ranges from Maine to Missis- 

 sippi along the coast ; endures salt water. Roots fibrous. 



Bark. — Light reddish brown, furrowed, ridges often twisted around 

 the tree, scaly. Branchlets compressed at first, laterbecome terete ; 

 slender, light green at first, then light reddish brown, finally dark 

 brown. 



ll'ood. — Light brown with rose tinge, sapwood pale ; light, soft, 

 weak, close-grained, easily worked, very durable in contact "ith the 

 soil, fragrant. Used in boat building, cooperage, interior finish of 

 houses, fence posts and railway ties. Sp. gr., 0.3322 ; weight of cu. 

 ft., 20.70 lbs. 



Leaves. — Of ultimate branches opposite, imbricated in four rows, 

 scale-like, small, ovate, acute or acuminate, closely appressed or, 

 spreading at the apex, decurrent, often remote on vigorous shoots. 

 Four-ranked, those of the lateral rows keeled, those on vertical rows 

 slightly convex, each with a glandular disk on the back. The young 

 leaves are light bluish green, somewhat hoary below, when full grown 

 they become a dark blue green. During the winter in the north 

 when exposed to the sun they become a rusty brown. 



Flowers. — ."^pril. Monoecious, minute. Staminate flowers are 

 oblong, four-sided, one-eighth of an inch long, consisting of several 

 shield-shaped scale-like filaments bearing two to four anthers. 

 Pistillate flowers globular, of about six shield-shaped scales, alternat- 

 ing in pairs and bearing generally two black ovules. 



Fruit. — Woody, globular cone, ripens at end of first season ; 

 about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, sessile on a short leafy 

 branch. Light green and covered with glaucous bloom when full 

 grown, then bluish purple, very glaucous, finally dark red brown. 

 Scales are thick, shield-shaped, each with a central point or knob. 

 Seeds usually one or two under each fertile scale. 



It is unfortunate that Ciipressus thvoiiies and Thuja occiden- 

 talis are both popularly known as White Cedar. Tliuja is 

 also known as Arborvitse, but many who know it as Arbor- 

 vitfe also know it as White Cedar. Tliis results in endless 

 confusion in the popular mind concerning the two trees. 



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