THE ASH OF PLANTS. 163 



The following table includes both the kernel and straw 

 of Wheat, Eye, Barley, Oats, Maize, Eice, Buckwheat, 

 Beans, and Peas ; the tubers of Potatoes ; the roots and 

 tops of Sugar-Beets, Field-Beets, Carrots, Turnips, and 

 Tarious parts of the Cotton Plant. 



For the average composition of other plants and vege- 

 table products, the reader is referred to a table in the ap- 

 pendix, p. 409, compiled by Prof. Wolff, of the Eoyal 

 Agricultural Academy of Wiirtemberg. That table in- 

 cludes also the averages obtained by Prof. Wolff for most 

 of the substances, cotton excepted, whose composition is 

 represented in the pages immediately following. 



In both tables the carbonic acid, CO^, which occurs in 

 most asKes, is excluded, from the fact that its quantity 

 varies according to the temperature at which the ash is 

 prepared. 



The following is a statement of the various Names and 

 Symbols that are or have been currently applied to the 

 Ash-Ingredients in Chemical Literature. The changes 

 that have been made from time to time, both in symbols 

 and in names, are the results of progress in knowledge or 

 of attempts to improve nomenclature : 



Spnonpms. 

 Potash, Potassa, Potassium Oxide, Potassle Oxide. 

 Soda, Sodium Oxide, Sodlc Oxide. 

 Magnesia, Magnesium Oxide, Magneslc Oxide. 

 Lime, Calcium Oxide, Calcic Oxide. 

 Iron Oxide, Peroxide of Iron, Sesquloxide of Iron, 

 Ferric Oxide. 



PO5 P2O5 'Phosphoric Acid, Anhydrous Phosphoric Acid, 



Piiosphorlo Anhydlde, Phosphorus Pentox- 

 ide. Phosphoric Oxide. 

 SO, SO3 Sulphuric Acid, Anhydrous Sulphuric Acid, Sul- 



phuric Anhydride, Sulphur Trloxlde, Sul- 

 phuric Oxide. 

 SlOs SiOj Silicic Acid, Anhydrous Silicic Acid, Silicic An- 



hydride, Silicon Dioxide, Silicic Oxide, Silica 

 Silex. 

 COj COj Carbonic Acid, Anhydrous Carbonic Acid, Car- 



bonic Anhydride, Carbon D<Joxide, Carbonic 

 Dioxide. 



