46 MORPHOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



and Jagataraimo (Fig. 14) ; and others are either flattened 

 ■or bag-shaped, capable of catching insects, as the flattened 

 leaves of the Mosengoke (Fig. 50) or the bag-shaped leaflets 

 of the Tanukimo (TJtricularia vulgaris). 



Those sharp-pointed leaves or parts of leaves are called 

 Spines ; those thread-like leaves or parts of leaves Tendrils ; 

 those scaly ones Cataphyllary Leaves ; and those insect- 

 catchers Insectivorous Leaves. (See Fig. 17.) 



Not only leaves, but branches also are transformed into 

 spines, as in the Saikachi (Gleditschiajaponica) and Nashi 

 (Pyrus sinensis), and into tendrils, as in the Budo (Fig. 15) 

 and Tsuta (Vitis inconstans). These modified branches 

 may be readily distinguished from modified leaves by their 

 point of origin (modified branches arise from axils of leaves 

 or are direct continuations of stems). 



Nutritive modified leaves 



r Spines. 



Tendrils. 



Cataphyllary Leaves. 

 , Insectivorous Leaves. 



2. REPRODUCTIVE MODIFIED LEAVES. 



There are also several kinds of reproductive modified 

 leaves : in one case, numerous ones are clustered on a branch, 

 of which the internodes are seldom developed, to subserve 

 reproduction ; some ones are situated below the above men- 

 tioned clusters to protect or help them, as the fldwer- 

 covering-leaves of the Tennansho (Ariscema japonicum) 

 (Fig. 53) and Ayame ; and others are scattered and bear 

 minute fructifications, as in the Warabi (Pteris aquilina) 

 and Nokishinobu (Fig. 51). 



The group of numerous leaves modified to subserve re- 

 production is called a Flower, and its constituents are 



