48 MORPHOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



tened leafy organs ; the next whorl within the calyx called 

 the Corolla is also composed of flattened leafy organs ; the 

 third whorl within the corolla called the Andrcecium consists 

 of more or less thread-like organs ; and the fourth series 

 within the andrcecium called the Gyncecium occupies the 

 centre of the flower and consists of more or less sac-like 

 organs. 



As the calyx and corolla are especially designed for the 

 protection of the organs within, they are called Protective 

 Organs or Floral Envelopes ; while the androecium and 

 gynoecium are called Essential Organs, as they are indispen- 

 sable for the main purpose of the flower. 



_ , . _ ( Calyx. 



(Protective Organs i 

 ( Corolla. 

 _ .. , _ ( Andrcecium. 



Essential Organs 1 _ 



I Gynoeciuin. 



THE CALYX. 



The Calyx is the outermost envelope of the flower and it 

 is composed of flattened usually green organs called Sepals. 



Duration of the Calyx. — The duration of the calyx 

 varies in different plants : in some plants, as the Keshi 

 (Papaver somniferum) and Kusanoo (Chelidonium majus) , 

 it falls off when the flower expands ; in other plants, as the 

 Kabura and Mume, it falls off with or after the corolla ; 

 and in others, as the Kaki (Diospyros Kaki) and Hodzuki 

 (Physalis AlJcekengi) , it remains after the flowering is over. 

 The calyx of the first kind is said to be Caducous or Fuga- 

 cious ; that of the second land Deciduous ; and that of the 

 third kind Persistent. 



(Caducous. 

 Deciduous. 

 Persistent. 



