PREFACE 



The science of Botany, like that of other branches of 

 Natural History, has two aspects : in one as a science of 

 classification ; and in the other as a science of observation, 

 experiment, and induction. Not only are observation, 

 experiment, and induction important processes in early 

 education, but also to learn to classify is in itself an educa- 

 tion. Moreover there is a great mass of useful knowledge 

 embodied in Botany. The study of Botany, therefore, is an 

 indispensable part of common education. 



As we, in the first place, have aimed at rendering more 

 effectual the lessons of Botany as a science of classification, 

 applied to education, we had prepared this volume thoroughly 

 on the logical system of classification, which embraces an 

 enormous detail of subjects. In this volume, therefore, all 

 facts and theories are arranged in one circle of system, 

 without being separately treated, but exhibiting both their 

 natural orders and relationships with each other. 



We have wanted moreover to obtain the greatest effect 

 of Botany as a science of experiment and induction, applied 

 to education ; consequently all explanations are accompanied 

 by experiments and inductive generalization. 



We have also taken care that, a fact should always 

 precede its explanation, because the name is only an expres- 

 sion of a fact or idea. Failing to find suitable terms in 

 many cases, we have selected them originally, and con- 



