86 MORPHOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



Carpels are those floral leaves which constitute the gynoecium. 



Gymnospermous carpels are those which are open and scale-like. 



The ovary is that part of a carpel which is sac-like and contains one or 

 more ovules. 



The ovule is a small body borne by the placenta and it becomes the seed 

 when the flowering is over. 



The placenta is that portion of a carpel where the ovules are produced. 



The style is that portion of a carpel which is situated between the ovary 

 and the stigma. 



The stigma is the usually dilated rough apex of a carpel. 



The cavity of the ovary is termed its cell. 



The inner suture is the line formed by the union of the leaf-margins of 

 a carpel. 



The outer suture is the line on a carpel corresponding to the midrib. 



The apocarpous gyncecium is one that consists of one or more separate 

 carpels. 



The syncarpous gynoscium is one that consists of more or less united 

 carpels. 



The simple apocarpous gynoxium is one that consists of but one carpel. 



The multiple apocarpous gynoecium is one that consists of two or more 

 separate carpels. 



The unilocular syncarpous gyncecium is one that is one-celled. 



The multilocular syncarpous gynoecium is one that is two or more-celled. 



The fruit is the ripened gynoecium, and it contains one or more seeds. 



The pericarp is the fruit-coat. 



The endocarp is the inner layer of the pericarp. 



When thick and very hard the endocarp is termed the stone. 



The mesocarp is the middle layer of the pericarp. 



The exocarp is the external layer of the pericarp. 



Fruits are said to be deciduous when they fall off from the stem. 



Fruits are said to be persistent when they remain permanently on the 

 stem. 



Monothalamic fruits are those which are formed from single flowers. 



Polythalamic fruits are those which are formed by the combination of 

 several flowers. 



Apocarpous fruits are those which consist of one or more separate 

 mature carpels. 



Syncarpous fruits are those which consist of more or less united mature 

 carpels. 



Simple apocarpous fruits are those which cosist of but one mature carpel. 



