SPECIAL CONTENTS OF THE CELL. 103 



at different times all the constituents of the organism. 



Although the protoplasm is usually a semifluid substance, 

 it sometimes assumes a solid consistence. 



3. THE CELL-SAP. 



The Cell-sap is a watery solution of various substances 

 and usually makes a large sap-cavity within the protoplasm ; 

 it also saturates the cell-wall and all the other organic 

 structures of the cell. 



The nature of the cell-sap varies in different cells : in 

 some cells large quantities of cane-sugar are present, as in 

 the stems of the Satokibi (Saccharum officinarum) or in 

 the roots of the Tojisa (Beta vulgaris) ; in some cells large 

 quantities of grape-sugar are found, as in the fruits of the 

 Budo and Nashi ; in some cells inulin exists, as in the roots 

 of the Tampopo and Gobo (Lappa major) ; in some cells 

 red colouring matter occurs,' as in the flowers of the 

 Tsutsuji ; and in some blue colouring matter is seen, as in 

 the flowers of the Kazaguruma (Clematis patens) . 



Section 2. SPECIAL CONTENTS OF THE CELL. 



The cell often contains numerous other substances 

 having definite shapes. 



If thin sections of the leaves of the Tsubaki are ex- 

 amined under the microscope, there will be seen numerous 

 green granules. These bodies are called Chlorophyll- 

 corpuscles (Fig. 118). 



If thin sections of the tubers of the Jagataraimo are 

 examined under the microscope, there will be seen numer- 

 ous whitish granules with concentric layers. These bodies 

 are known as Starch-grains (Fig. 120). 



If thin sections of the stems of the Shukaido are examined 

 under the microscope, there will be seen octahedral bodies 



