CHAPTER III. 
GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO 
REGION. 
By 
A. P. COLEMAN, Ph.D., F.R.S. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Toronto, which lies on the north shore of Lake 
Ontario near its western end, is a convenient centre 
from which excursions may be made by land or water 
to various points of geological interest in the region 
of the Great Lakes. Railroads radiate east, west and 
north, and steamers ply to the east, west and south, 
giving easy access to lake ports, especially Niagara. 
Toronto itself and its suburbs include some of the 
most important Pleistocene sections in North Amer- 
ica, and within a radius of one hundred miles the 
main geological formations from the Archaean to the 
Devonian may be studied. Though the region has 
undergone no faulting or folding since the Archaean 
it has experienced important elevations and depres- 
sions and has preserved the record of a very complex 
and extraordinary series of events in the latest geo- 
logical periods, including the action of ice sheets, of 
great lakes of different ages and levels, and of impor- 
tant rivers and waterfalls. 
51 
