GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 
sheets during the Glacial Period. The palaeontol- 
ogist will find a variety of Ordovician, Silurian and 
Devonian fossils in the bed rocks of the region, the 
Pleistocene geologist may study a complex and impor- 
tant series of later deposits, the physiographer will 
observe a more interesting set of surface phenomena 
than could have been expected in a district without 
mountains, and the dynamic geologist may study the 
effects of glacier ice, of rivers, waterfalls and waves, 
and also see the evidences of important changes of 
level within post-glacial ages. 
Within one hundred miles of Toronto the follow- 
ing geological formations are displayed : 
Recent ...... Shore cliffs and wave-built bars. 
Pleistocene .. Glacial, Interglacial and Post-glacial 
beds. 
(Devonian—Onondaga and Hamilton 
beds. 
Silurian—Cataract, Medina, Clinton, 
Niagara and Guelph 
Palaeozoic . .+ beds. 
Ordovician—Trenton limestone, Utica 
and Collingwood shale, 
Lorraine shale and 
Queenston shale. 
Archaean . .. Granites, gneisses, greenstones and 
greenschists. 
The vast interval between the lower part of the 
Archaean and the Palaeozoic is unfilled, and the 
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