GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 
Prasopora selwyni. 
Dalmanella testudinaria. 
Rhynchotrema inequivalve. 
Orthis tricenaria. 
Rafinesquina alternata. 
Hormotoma trentonensis. 
Protowarthia cancellata. 
Isotelus gigas. 
Bumastus milleri. 
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus. 
Resting conformably on the grey shaly lime- 
stones there are 150 to 250 feet of black bituminous 
shales belonging to the Utica and Collingwood forma- 
tions, easily attacked by the weather, so that they are 
generally buried under the drift; but low exposures 
of them may be found near Lake Ontario at Bow- 
manville, Oshawa and Whitby, and also near Colling- 
wood, at the south end of Georgian Bay. The shale 
has a distinctly bituminous odor when broken, and 
fragments put on a fire burn for a time, though the 
mass that is left still retains its shape. Oil was dis- 
tilled from the shale at Collingwood in early days, 
but the discovery of petroleum put an end to the 
industry. At several points the black and partly 
combustible shale has roused false hopes of the finding 
of coal. 
The shale is often very fossiliferous, iron pyrites 
being a frequent fossilizing material. Graptolites 
and certain trilobites, such as T'riarthrus beckii and 
Ogygites canadensis (formerly called Asaphus) are 
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