GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 
Plectambonites sericeus. 
Catazyga erratica. 
Cyrtolites ornatus. 
Byssonychia radiata. 
Whiteavesia pholadiformis. 
Modiolopsis modiolaris. 
He concentrica. 
Orthoceras crebriseptum. 
Isotelus maximus. 
Calymene callicephala. 
Richmond marine beds overlie the Lorraine 
toward the north and come as far south as Streets- 
ville, but are not found along the shore of Lake 
Ontario. Going westward from Port Credit, Queens- 
ton red shale soon shows itself in river valleys and 
reddens the soil of the fields. It follows the Lorraine 
shale conformably and has the usual slight dip south- 
westwards. Continuing toward the west it forms the 
lowest part of the escarpment which runs from 
Queenston to Hamilton and then bends northwards 
to Georgian Bay. It is well seen at Queenston and 
in the lower part of the Niagara gorge, and may be 
followed along the foot of “the mountain,” as the 
escarpment is called locally. At Waterdown and 
Milton it is manufactured into bricks. 
The Queenston shale is very sparsely fossiliferous 
and in most places seems entirely barren, in this 
respect resembling many other red sedimentary rocks. 
The Richmond beds farther to the north contain many 
fossils of an Ordovician type. 
61 
