NATURAL HISTORY, TORONTO REGION 
Heights, where the waves of Lake Ontario have 
removed it for half a mile. 
The old shore is deformed, rising 116 feet above 
Lake Ontario at Hamilton, 176 feet at Toronto, 385 
feet at Trenton, and 495 feet on an island to the 
northeast of Trenton. It gives convenient routes for 
high roads and railroads, and sites for three cities, 
St. Catharines, Hamilton and Toronto. The last 
named city is, however, expanding beyond the old 
shore cliffs, spreading out on the upland of boulder 
clay to the north. Fine gravel bars extend across 
the ancient river valleys, enclosing bays which are 
readily observed. The most striking of these bars 
runs like a wall northeast of Hamilton, cutting off 
a Dundas Bay of Lake Iroquois, as well marked as 
the modern Hamilton Bay, separated by a sand bar 
from Lake Ontario. 
Two long bars occur at Toronto, one projecting 
westward from West Toronto, cutting off an old 
Humber Bay, the other extending two or three miles 
southwest from Scarborough Heights, forming an 
old Don Bay. The latter bar in shape and the 
arrangement of its lagoons resembles the present 
Toronto Island. 
The belt of gently sloping shallow water deposits 
between the Iroquois beach and the shore of Lake 
Ontario is generally from two to five miles wide 
and provides some of the most valuable fruit lands in 
Canada, where apples, grapes and peaches are culti- 
vated on a large scale. 
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