GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 
The shore deposits of Lake Iroquois at Hamilton 
and Toronto have a thickness of more than one hun- 
dred feet, and in the gravel bars remains of mam- 
moth, caribou and other mammals, as well as fresh- 
water shells, have been found. As the lake had one 
shore of ice the water must have been cooler, and 
probably the climate also, than that of the present 
Ontario valley. 
Lake ALGONQUIN. 
Lake Algonquin, as worked out by Spencer, Tay- 
lor, Goldthwaite and others, was probably the great- 
est of the glacial lakes, including the basins of Lake 
Superior, Lake Nipigon, Lake Michigan, Lake 
Huron and Georgian Bay, and a large amount of the 
lowlands adjacent. Its outlet appears to have been 
first by Niagara River over Niagara Falls into Lake 
Troquois, but later by the Trent Valley. Its beaches 
oceur near London, Barrie and other points west and 
north of Toronto. They are even more strongly 
developed than those of Lake Iroquois, since the 
lake was larger and perhaps somewhat longer lived 
than the one in the Ontario basin. 
Niagara Farts. 
The history of Niagara Falls begins with the 
outflow of the Algonquin waters through the Erie 
valley and then northward over the Niagara escarp- 
ment into the basin of Lake Iroquois. The history 
of the falls has interested geologists ever since the 
75 
