CHAPTER IV. 
THE CLIMATE OF TORONTO. 
By 
R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., 
Director Dominion Meteorological Service. 
ToronTo is situated on the north shore of Lake 
Ontario on a peninsula formed by the Great Lakes 
(Huron, including the Georgian Bay, Erie and 
Ontario). The land in this peninsula reaches an 
approximate height of 700 feet above the lake in 
a ridge which parallels the Ontario shore line at a 
distance of about twenty miles and then trends away 
to the northwestward, increasing to a height of 1500 
feet just south of the Georgian Bay. These geo- 
graphical features play an important rdle among 
factors affecting the climate of Toronto. 
An Observatory was established at Toronto in 
1840, and meteorological observations have been 
taken continuously ever since. Up to 1907 there 
was practically no change in the location of the 
instruments, although as time went on the city grew 
up around the University property, within the bound- 
aries of which the Observatory was placed. It was 
not, however, until 1906, that any building was 
erected near enough to impair the Observatory 
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