CHAPTER XV. 
MAMMALS. - 
By 
JAMES H. FLEMING. 
Tuis list is in part based on three small collec- 
tions of mammals made in the immediate vicinity 
of Toronto; one, by Mr. Ernest T. Seton, made 
between 1887 and 1891, and now in the Victoria 
Memorial Museum, Ottawa; another, made by Mr. 
C. W. Nash, now in the Provincial Museum, 
Toronto; and, finally, my own collection. 
A very important list was published by Dr. 
Anthony Gapper in the “ Zoological Journal of Lon- 
don” in 1830 (Vol. V, pp. 201-207). According to 
the late Mr. John Hallam, Dr. Gapper came from 
England about 1825 and settled with his brother on 
lot 40 or 41 on the east side of Yonge Street, less 
than ten miles from the present city limits. He 
returned to England in 1831 after collecting con- 
siderable natural history material. In his paper 
four new mammals are described, and the list gives a 
clear idea of the conditions before the original forest 
had disappeared. For conditions between Dr. Gap- 
per’s time and recent years I have used information 
given me from time to time by the late Dr. William 
Brodie, and, finally, I have to thank Mr. Gerrit S. 
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