AMPHIBIA 
Salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Green. 
Localities as for Ambystoma punctatum. Not com- 
mon except in woods to the east of Toronto on Scar- 
borough Heights. Spawns in pools, small masses of 
eggs being attached in rows to slender branches or to 
weeds. March 24-April 20, usually April 1-10. 
Metamorphosis in September-October of same year. 
Black Newt, Desmoganthus mgra, Green. Only 
known as from Toronto by a specimen so labelled in 
the Biological museum; no more definite locality is 
mentioned. Usually in or near clear, cold springs or 
brooks in rocky localities. 
Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, 
Green. This includes the varieties Plethodon cwne- 
reus cinereus and Plethodon cinereus erythronotus 
(Cope), intermediates, and also individuals with 
more red marking than is typical. It occurs on all 
sides of the city. Remains under shelter by day. 
Damp woods with considerable undergrowth are pre- 
ferred, but occasionally specimens are found in drier 
localities, even in open fields under stones. Spawn- 
ing by choice within the cracks in decaying logs and 
stumps, but in default of such under stones. A clus- 
ter of 3-12 eggs attended by the female. June 15- 
July 4. No aquatic stage. Metamorphosis takes 
place in August-September of the same year. 
Salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum, Schlegel. 
One specimen reported from the Humber Valley. 
Habits, ete., so far as known, are similar to those of 
Plethodon. 
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