PREFACE. Y 



The botanical names which are given the first 

 place are those which are taken from Gray's Field, 

 Forest, and Garden Botany; these find a universal 

 acceptation in this country. Those which hold the 

 second place conform with a recent system of no- 

 menclature iastituted by Prof. C. S. Sargent, through 

 whose kindness I am enabled to make my fist 

 complete. 



The introduction of the red spruce as a distinct 

 species, and not as a variety of the black spruce, and 

 also the expression of any views regarding the char- 

 acter of a species, must not be mistaken for an inten- 

 tion on my part of indulging in a botanical opinion. 

 As a student and lover of l^ature, I must beg the 

 privilege of simply exercising a choice between dis- 

 puted botanical points, which is, of course, consistent 

 with my own profession. 



I wish to acknowledge the kind assistance received 

 from Dr. B. L. Eobinson, Prof. L. H. Bailey, and 

 Prof. C. S. Sargent, without whose advice I could 

 never have completed my work satisfactorily. I am also 

 greatly indebted to Prof. J. G. Jack, Mr. C. E. Faxon, 

 Mr. Jackson Dawson, and Mr. ^Tfewlin Williams for 

 their valuable suggestions and the acquisition of many 

 needed specimens. Indeed, without this- help it 

 would have been impossible for me to gather all the 

 material necessary to make my list include over two 



