CONTENTS 



XIX 



VIII. Flower-groups {continued) : 



Nectar 



Nectar-guides 



Protective Arrangements for Flowers . 

 Shelter 



1. Pollen Flowers .... 



2. Flowers with exposed Nectar 



3. Flowers with partly concealed Nectar 



4. Flowers with concealed Nectar . 



5. Social Flowers with completely concealed Nectar 



6. Hymenopterid Flowers 

 Bee Flowers proper . 

 Humble-bee Flowers . 

 Bee-humble-bee Flowers 



' "Wasp Flowers . 

 Ichneumon Flowers . 



7. Lepidopterid Flowers 

 Butterfly Flowers 

 Moth Flowers . 



8. Fly Flowers 



A. Nauseous Flowers 



B. Pitfall Flowers . 



C. Pinch-trap Flowers 



D. Deceptive Flowers 



E. Hover-fly Flowers 



9. Flowers pollinated by Small Insects 

 IX. Insects that Visit Flowers .... 



A. Membrane-winged Insects (Hymenoptera) 



B. Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) . 



C. Flies or Two-winged Insects (Diptera) 



D. Beetles (Coleoptera) 



E. Other Insects that visit Flowers 



F. Stages of Adaptation in Insects which visit Flowers 

 X. Methods of Research in Flower Pollination . 



Supplement to the Introduction 



1. Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter 



2. How Flowers attract Insects 



B IBLIOGRAPHY OF FlOWER PoLLINATION 



List of Zoological Works 



Index of Zoological Names in the List of Zoological Works 



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