852 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



there are some large trees, more remarkable for girth than for height, one being 

 24J feet round at two feet from the ground. 



At Rostrevor House, Co. Down, the seat of Colonel Sir J. Ross of Bladensburg, 

 a chestnut, about 25 feet high, is remarkable for the large size and colour of 

 the young leaves, which were purplish when I saw them in July, and are said to turn 

 copper colour in autumn. This variety is of unknown origin, and I have seen 

 nothing like it at Kew or elsewhere. 



Timber, Miscellaneous Products 



A great deal has been written as to the use of chestnut wood for the beams 

 and roofs of ancient buildings, both in England ^ and France, but it is now pretty 

 generally admitted that most of the supposed chestnut wood is really that of 

 the oak, which it slightly resembles.'' This subject has been so well discussed 

 by Loudon (pp. 1787, 1989, and 1992) that I need not further allude to it; but 

 the properties and uses of the wood were apparently much better known formerly 

 than now, and Mr. N, Kent, in 1792, wrote an excellent paper on the subject from 

 which Loudon quotes largely (p. 1993). The pith of it all agrees with what I have 

 been able to learn from various practical men — that the wood when young is as good 

 or better than oak (because it has much less sapwood) for fencing, gate-posts, piles, 

 and hop-poles ; but that if allowed to become more than 3 to 4 feet in girth it is so 

 apt to be shaky, that its value rapidly diminishes, and very old trees are usually only 

 fit for firewood. 



The timber in some cases remains quite sound to a great age and becomes mottled 

 and streaked with dark brown like brown oak, I found the butt of an old tree 

 of this nature, in a small timber yard in Wilts, where it had been lying seventeen 

 years without any use being found for it. I had it cut into boards, from which 

 the stiles and rails of an overmantel, and the frames of some doors have been made ; 

 and these, when polished with oil, were both in grain and colour of remarkable 

 beauty. But even after this long period the wood was not dry, and shrank con- 

 siderably after it was cut up, so that care must be taken not to put such wood 

 together in a hurry. 



Mr. T. Roberts, forester to the Earl of Egmont, at Cowdray, informs me that 

 chestnut is used on that estate for joists, window-sills, door-jambs, and other 

 purposes, and is found to last quite as long as oak and to be much easier to work 

 up ; he also thinks it less liable to insect attacks than oak (presumably sappy oak). 

 But the trees when a hundred years old are all more or less inclined to be shaky, 



' Sir George Birdwood in Reports on the Cultivation of the Spanish Chestnut, p. 9, note (India Office, 12th March 1892), 

 states that the late Mr. T. Blashill, who was architect to the London County Council, pointed out in a letter to the Times, 

 that the only instance he knew of chestnut wood in English mediaeval carpentry is that of the chancel screen of the church, 

 formerly of the Knights of St. John, at Rodmersham in Kent. The Rev. A. H. J. Massey, Vicar of Rodmersham, tells me, 

 however, that the chancel screen is a modern one of oak, with portions of an ancient screen of chestnut wood worked into it ; 

 but the screen separating the Lady Chapel from the chancel, is composed entirely of chestnut wood. 



A v,f ^u-' f '^^'"' '" ^'"'""^^ ^"i"""' "f"" ^"y^ Institute of Architects, No. 12 (1877.78), has finally settled any lingering 

 doubts which may exist. On the question of oak or chestnut in old timber roofs, he says that in some specimens of English 

 oak, particularly m the variety called sessiliflora, the medullary plates are very thin and wide apart, and such specimens are 

 otten mistaken for chestnut, but a very clean transverse section will always render the plates visible. Though usually lighter 

 tnan the rest of the wood, they are often dark, and such specimens have also been mistaken for chestnut. He goes on to say 

 tnat the clean gram and pleasant working of chestnut make it very suitable for joinery, and there is no fear of its durability 



