930 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



It was introduced into Kew Gardens, where there is a small tree about 15 feet 

 high, by seeds sent from Peking by Bretschneider in 1882. It had, however, been 

 previously introduced into France by Pere David, who sent seeds to Carriere in 

 1868, from which a tree was raised in the Jardin des Plantes. This tree, according 

 to Franchet ^ had become with age identical in character with C. Bungeana ; but 

 this is incorrect. It fruited for the first time' at Paris in 1894. Schneider^ 

 mentions trees of this species in the Botanic Gardens at Strassburg and Darmstadt. 



(A. H.) 



CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS, Hackberry 



Celtis occidentalis, Linnaeus, Sp. PL 1044 (i753)i Michaux, Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 225, t. 8(1813); 

 Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 141 7 (1838) ; Sargent, Silva N. Amer. vii. 67 (in part), t. 317 

 (1895), ^nd Trees N. Amer. 299 (1905) (in part). 



A tree, attaining in America, 100 feet in height and 9 feet in girth. Bark grey, 

 broken on the surface into appressed scales, and often roughened on old trees with 

 thick discontinuous corky ridges. Young branchlets glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 

 (Plate 267, Fig. 4), uniform in size, about 2\ inches long and \\ inch wide, ovate, 

 unequal and rounded or shortly cuneate at the base, with a long caudate-acuminate 

 usually non-serrated apex ; serrate in the upper half or two-thirds ; upper surface 

 smooth to the touch ; lower surface pubescent on the nerves ; petiole \ inch or more, 

 glabrous or pubescent. Fruiting pedicels short, about f inch. Drupe, purplish-black 

 or orange when ripe, globose or ovoid, about f inch in diameter. 



In winter the twigs show the following characters : — Branchlets slender, zigzag, 

 reddish-brown, shining, glabrous. Leaf-scars oblique on prominent pulvini, three- 

 dotted. Stipule scars minute, linear, one on each side of each leaf-scar. Terminal 

 bud not formed, the end of the branchlet falling off in summer, and leaving a 

 minute orbicular scar at the apex of the twig. Buds * all axillary, uniform in size, 

 about -^ inch long, alternate, distichous, appressed to the twig, ovoid, acute, com- 

 pressed, covered by three pairs of pubescent, ciliate, imbricated scales. 



Seedling.^ — Primary root long, tapering, flexuose, with numerous lateral fibres. 

 Caulicle erect, pubescent, about i^ inch long. Cotyledons oblong, cuneate and 

 three-nerved at the base, emarginate at the apex, green above, pale beneath, about 

 f inch long. Stem hispid. First pair of leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, serrate, 

 three-nerved, covered in the young stage with clear dot-like glands. Succeeding 

 leaves similar, but alternate. 



Scarcely any varieties are known, unless C. crassifolia be considered a 

 geographical form of this species. C. pumila, Pursh," a low shrub, of xerophytic 



i^ Plants Davidian^, i. 269 (1884). 2 Rev. Hort. 1894, p. 97. s Laubholzkunde, 228 (1904). 



Sometimes in this species, the axil of the leaf produces three buds side by side. The middle bud sends out a shoot in 

 the following year, whilst the lateral ones are left as a reserve. If the shoot happens to die in the year after, one of the two 

 accessory buds develops. Cf. Kerner, Nat. Hist. Plants, Eng. transl. ii. 32 (1898). 



5 Cf. Lubbock, Seedlings, ii. 493, fig. 646 (1892). 



8 Fl. Amer. Sept. i. 200 (1814); Hill, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxvii. 496 (1900). 



