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102 HAIRY WOODPECKER. 
ing orchards, boring the trunks of the apple-trees in their eager 
search after them. On opening them, the liver appears very large, 
and of a dirty gamboge color; the stomach strongly muscular, and 
generally filled with fragments of beetles and gravel. In the moming, 
they are extremely active in the orchards, and rather shyer than the 
rest of their associates. Their cry is also different, but, though it is 
easily distinguishable in the woods, cannot be described by words. 
HAIRY WOODPECKER.—PICUS VILLOSUS.— Fie. 37. 
Picus villosus, Linn. Syst. i. 175, 16.—Pic chevelu de Virginie, Buffon, vii. 7.— 
Pic varié male de Virginie, P/. ent. 754. — Hairy Woodpecker, Catesb. i. 19, Fig. 
2.— Arct. Zool. ii. No. 164,— Lath. Syn. ii. 572,18. Id. Sup. 108.— Peale’s 
Museum, No. 1988. 
DENDROCOPUS VILLOSUS.— Swainson. 
Picus villosus, Bonap. Synop. p. 46.— Wagl. Syst. Av. Picus, 22.— Dendrocopus 
villosus, North. Zeal. i. p. 305. , 
Tuis is another of our resident birds, and, like the former, a haunter 
of orchards, and borer of epple-trees, an eager hunter of insects, their 
eggs and larve, in old stumps and old rails, in rotten branches and 
crevices of the bark; having all the characters of the Woodpecker 
strongly marked. In the month of May he retires with his mate to 
the woods, and either seeks out a branch already hollow, or cuts out 
an opening for himself. In the former case I have known his nest 
more than five feet distant from the mouth of the hole; and in the 
latter he digs first horizontally, if in the body of the tree, six or eight 
inches, and then downward, obtusely, for twice that distance ; carrying 
up the chips with his bill, and scraping them out with his feet. They 
also not unfrequently choose the orchard for breeding in, and even an 
old stake of the fence, which they excavate for this purpose. The 
female lays five white eggs, and hatches in June. This species is 
more numerous than the last in Pennsylvania, and more domestic ; 
frequently approaching the farm-house and skirts of the town. In 
Philadelphia I have many times observed them examining old ragged 
trunks of the willow and poplar while people were passing imme- 
diately below. Their cry is strong, shrill, and tremulous; they have 
also a single note, or chuck, which they often repeat, in an eager man- 
ner, as they hop about, and dig into the crevices of the tree. They 
inhabit the continent from Hudson’s Bay to Carolina and Georgia. 
The Hairy Woodpecker is nine inches long, and fifteen in extent; 
crown, black; line over and under the eye, white ; the eye is placed 
in a black line, that widens as it descends to the back; hind head, 
scarlet, sometimes intermixed with black; nostrils, hid under re- 
merkably thick, bushy, recumbent hairs, or bristles; under the bill 
are certain long hairs thrown forward and upward, as represented in 
Fig. 87; bill, a bluish horn color, grooved, wedged at the end, 
