152 FERRUGINOUS THRUSH. : 
the high dead branches, amid the gloom of the woods, calling out ..: 
a feeble, plaintive tone, peto way, peto way, pee way; occasionally 
darting after insects ; sometimes making a circular sweep of thirty or 
forty yards, snapping up numbers in its way with great adroitness; ar 
returning to its position and chant as before. In the latter part «! 
August, its notes are almost the only ones to be heard in the wood‘ 
about which time, also, it even approaches the city, where I have 
frequently observed it busily engaged under trees, in solitary courts. 
gardens, &c., feeding and training its young to their profession. About 
the middle of September, it retires to the south, a full month before 
the other. 
Length, six inches; breadth, ten; back, dusky olive, inclining tc 
greenish ; head, subcrested, and brownish black; tail, forked, ani 
widening towards the tips; lower parts, pale yellowish white. Th 
only discriminating marks between this and the preceding are, tl: 
size and the color of the lower mandible, which in this is yellow, 
in the Pewée black. The female is difficult to be distinguished from 
the male. 
This species is far more numerous than the preceding, and, probab)\ . 
winters much farther south. The Pewée was numerous in North a..' 
South Carolina in February; but the Wood Pewée had not made » 
Seance in the lower parts of Georgia, even so late as the 16th c" 
arc 
FERRUGINOUS THRUSH.*—TURDUS RUFUS. — Fie. 58. 
Fox-colored Thrush, Catesb. i.28.— Turdus rufus, Linn. Syst. 293. — Lath. iii. 39. 
— La Grive de la Caroline, Briss. ii. 223. — Le Moquer Francois, De Buff. iii. 
323, Pl. enl. 645.— Arct. Zool. p. 335, No. 195. — Peale’s Museum, No. 5285. 
ORPHEUS RUFUS, — Swainson. 
Turdus rufus, Bonap. eee aa a Fox-colored Mock Bird. 
orth. 400l. Il, p. . 
Tuis is the Brown Thrush, or Thrasher, of the Middle and Eastern 
States, and the French Mocking Bird of Maryland, Virginia, and the 
* This species, with O. polyglottos, is the typical form of Mr. Swainson’s genus 
Orpheus, differing from Turdus in its longer form, chiefly apparent from the 
greater length of its tail, its rounded and shorter wings, its long and bending, ancl 
tm proportion more slender bill. The form is confined to the New World, and wi, 
be represented in Africa by Crateropus and Donocobius. Swain. ; and in Asia an 
Australia by Pomatorhinus, Horsf. They appear to live nearer the ground tha: 
the true Thrushes, frequenting the Jower brushwood; and it is only during’ the 
spring and breeding season that they mount aloft, to screnade their mates. Tle 
cries or notes are generally loud ; some possess considerable melody, which, how- 
ever, is only exercised as above mentioned ; but many of the aberrant species pos- 
sess only harsh and grating notes, incessantly kept up; in which respect they 
resemble the more typical African form and many of the aquatic Warblers. _ 
In the account given by our author of the manners of O. rufus, we perceive a 
very close resemblance to our Common Blackbi d. The Blackbird is seldom seer 
