FEMALE TOWLE BUN'TING. 459 
added. The males generally arrive several days before the females, 
saunter about their wonted places of residence, and seem lonely, and 
less sprightly, than after the arrival] of their mates. In the spring and 
summer of 1811, a Baltimore took up its abode in Mr. Bartram’s gar- 
den, whose notes were so singular as particularly to attract my atten- 
tion ; they were as well known to me as the voice of my most intimate 
friend. On the 30th of April, 1812, { was again surprised and pleased 
at hearing this same Baltimore in the garden, whistling his identical 
old chant ; and I observed, that he particularly frequented that quarter 
of the garden where the tree stood, on the pendent branches of which 
he had formed his nest the preceding year. This nest had been 
taken possession of by the House Wren, u few days after the Balti- 
more’s brood had abandoned it; and, curious to know how the little 
intruder had furnished it within, I had taken it down early in the fall, 
after the Wren herself had also raised a brood of six young in it, and 
which was her second that season. JI found it stripped of its original 
lining, floored with sticks or small twigs, above which were laid feath- 
ers; so that the usual complete nest of the Wren occupied the inte- 
rior of that of the Baltimore. 
The chief difference between the male and female Baltimore Ori- 
ole, is the superior brightness of the orange color of the former to 
that of the latter. The black on the head, upper part of the back and 
throat of the female is intermixed with dull orange; whereas, in the 
male, those parts are of a deep shining black; the tail of the female 
also wants the greater part of the black, and the whole lower parts 
are of a much duskier orange. 
I have observed, that these birds are rarely seen in pine woods, or 
where these trees generally prevail. On the ridges of our high moun- 
tains they are seldom to be met with. In orchards, and on well-culti- 
vated farms, they are most numerous, generally preferring such places 
to build in, rather than the woods or forest. 
FEMALE TOWHE BUNTING. —EMBERIZA 
ERYTHROPTHALMA. — Fie. 212. 
Amer. Orn. vol. ii. p. 35. — Turt. Syst. p. 534.— Peale’s Museum, No. 5970. 
PIPILO ERYTHROPTHALMA. — Vigi.iot. 
Tuis bird differs considerably from the male in color; and has, if I 
mistake not, been described as a distinct species by European natu- 
ralists, under the appellation of the “ Rusty Bunting.” The males of 
this species, like those of the preceding, arrive several days sooner 
than the females. In one afternoon’s walk through the woods, on the 
23d of April, I counted more than fifty of the former, and did not ob- 
serve any of the latter, though 1 made a very close search for them. 
This species frequents in great numbers the barrens covered with 
shrub oaks; and inhabits even to the tops of our mountains. They 
are almost perpetually scratching among the fallen leaves, and feed 
