CICIILOSOMA. 17 



3. CICHLOSOMA, Swains., 1839. 

 Cichlosoma, Regan^ Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. 1905^ p. 61. 



This important genus inckules the American Cichlids with more than three anal 

 spines, witlr all the teeth conical or cylindrical, and with the mouth not ahnormally 

 protractile. There are G8 species — 53 in Mexico and Central America, 1 in Cuba, 1 in 

 Barbados, and 13 in South America. 



1 have arranged the Mexican and Central-American species in five sections, which 

 appear to be natural groups, but which are not sufficiently sharply defined to rank as 

 subgenera. 



Section 1. Tiiskaps, Giinth., 18G2. 



The teeth of the outer series in the upper jaw are in moderate number (10 to 1.5 on each side) and regularly 

 increase in size anterior})' ; in the lower jaw the teeth are either similar to those in the upper, or 

 the anterior 3 to (i on each side are enlarged, suhequal and ratlier sharpl}- differentiated from the 

 smaller lateral teeth. The mouth is small or of moderate width, the maxillary never extending beyond 

 the vertical from the anterior margin of eye ; the cleft of the mouth is nearly horizontal and entirely 

 below the level of the eye, the prasorbital being deep ; tlie jaws are equal anteriorly or the lower is some- 

 what the shorter ; in the adult fish the pnemaxillary spines do not extend to above the orbit. The upper 

 profile of the snout is usually slightly convex, and except in two species (C. mkropluTtaJiutis and 

 C. r/odmani) the fold of the lower lip is not continuous. The dorsal tin has XV-XIX 10-15 rays and is 

 more or less scaly at the base posteriorly ; the anal has IV-VIII 7-12 rays ; the pectoral is usually 

 rather short and onl)- in one species (G. nlcaraguense) does it extend beyond the origin of the anal ; the 

 caudal is either rounded, truncate, or emargiuate with rounded lobes. 



This group consists of twenty species from Mexico and Central America, one 

 extending into Colombia. 



Heros deppii, Heckel, and Cichlosoma zonatum. Meek, are insufficiently described 

 species, apparently belonging to this section. 



Synoj-isis of the Species. 



I. Pectoral not extending to aljove the aual, which has -l to 7 spines. 

 A. Caudal rounded or truncate. 



1. Depth of body If to 2;] iu the length. 



a. Last dorsal spiue i] to -g the length of head. 



a. Lower jaw a little shorter than the upper; depth of body 2^ to 2| in the leugth ; 

 caudal peduncle nearly as long as or longer than deep. D. XVII-XVIII 12-15. 

 A. V-VI 8-10. 



Length of head 3| to Si- in the length of the fish 1. eijjeninanni. 



Length of head 3§ to 4 in the length of the fish 2. nebuHferum. 



j3. Jaws equal anteriorly. 



* Caudal peduncle ^ to | as long as deep. 

 t D- XVI-XYII 12-14.. A. VI-VII 9-10. A large dark 

 blotch on the caudal peduncle. Depth of body Ij-J to 2 



in the length 3. macuUcauda. 



EiOL. CEX'JT..-AMEE., Pisces, Octohci' lOOG. i) 



