ON NURSERY GROUND, MANURES, ETC. 37 
seedling plants are transplanted more successfully than from 
ground of a stiff clayey tendency. 
Drains.—If drainage is necessary, the drains should be sunk 
at least four feet deep, and kept at some distance from the line 
of hedges. When this cannot be avoided, as in crossing under- 
neath a hedge for instance, to prevent the roots of the hedge 
from choking up the drain, the tile or built eye of the drain 
should be encased with broken stones, extending at least a foot 
on each side, and above the conduit. 
Nursery Fences.—Unless the ground is naturally very well 
sheltered, hedges make the best nursery fence. If the shelter 
is ample, wire fence is to be recommended, and in all cases where 
hares and rabbits abound, wire netting is the most convenient 
security, unless where there is on the spot a supply of timber 
adapted for close upright paling. 
In the formation of hedges the hawthorn generally makes 
the most satisfactory outside fence. If much shelter is needed 
beech is preferable to any others; and for the interior 
divisions of a nursery, yew-tree and holly are found most 
suitable. These two evergreens are of compact growth, very 
ornamental, and not subject to disease, and though of rather 
slow growth, yet, when properly nursed for hedges, they can 
be transplanted three or four feet high, when they at once 
form a shelter and screen. Evergreen privet is also suitable 
for the same purpose. Excess of shelter is injurious to the 
hardiness of the stock, and should be avoided. The shelter of 
woods often renders nursery ground too confined, and their 
vicinity is frequently infested with disease and the prevalence 
of insects injurious to young plants. 
In ground of any considerable extent a cart-road should 
give access to the interior, for the convenience of carting 
manure, and the easy removal of plants. The ground is most 
conveniently cropped when the walks are laid out at mght 
angles. 
The best mode of adapting new ground for nursery plants is 
to have it well trenched, eighteen inches or two feet deep, the 
surface carefully placed in the bottom, in autumn, and laid 
down the first season with a well-manured green crop—turnips 
