14 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS—-SEPTEMBER. 
going out. This is most speedily accomplished by casting out 
a stamp or trench along one side of the lot, after which one 
man precedes with a spade and loosens the plants thoroughly, 
another follows lifting them up with one hand, and with the 
other pruning or switching off all very extended or straggling 
roots of unnecessary length, and placing them into the pre- 
pared trench or opening in a slanting direction, with as much 
earth as adheres to the roots; the digging up of the earth and 
the covering of the one line prepares an opening for the next, 
and so on until the whole is finished. 
The growth of the season being nearly over at this time, 
the plants receive no harm by being placed in a slanting 
position ; and in removing them it is not necessary to fix 
them in the ground by treading them with the feet; and as 
the tops of the plants of one row extend over the roots of the 
former line, their position keeps the ground warm if they 
should remain throughout the ensuing winter, and if the 
situation should be exposed, the foliage of the plants will 
retain its greenness, and from their position will be exempt 
from injury by snow or severe frost. 
Evergreens which are thus disturbed in September, when 
the temperature of the ground is greater than that of the 
atmosphere, immediately throw out fresh spongioles, and 
acquire a bushiness in root, which retains the soil and adapts 
them for being successfully transplanted thereafter during 
any month of winter or spring. 
This treatment is particularly advisable in sale nurseries, 
as such plants are lifted with great facility at atime when the 
work of a public nursery is sometimes difficult to overtake, 
and such as are not disposed of require to be again replanted 
in rows before or early in summer ; but the fresh appearance 
of the plants, and the valuable state of their fibrous roots, ren- 
der them well worth the labour bestowed on them. If the 
cuttings of evergreens were not all inserted last month, this 
work should be now completed as formerly recommended. 
Birch seeds usually ripen at this time, and should be col- 
lected ; as they are generally mixed up with leaves and some- 
