12 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS—JULY. 
their seeds at this season, and unless they are very small and 
young, this is sure to happen when the ground is hoed and 
the weeds not immediately removed. 
Look over, untie, and secure grafts, rubbing off all under- 
growths. Turn over pits of hawthorn, mountain-ash, holly, 
and other tree seeds, to decompose them regularly, and keep 
them in a wholesome state. The end of this month is in 
general the best season for budding ornamental trees (for the 
operation of budding, see Lindley’s Theory and Practice of 
Horticulture, p. 303). The bandages which secure buds 
should be slackened and retied about ten days or a fortnight 
after the operation, as they are apt, if the stocks are very 
vigorous, to become too tight, and about the same period 
thereafter it is generally safe to remove them altogether. 
Turn over compost heaps ; and heaps of weeds which have 
matured their seeds should be turned over and built up in a 
compact form so as to induce fermentation, that their seeds 
may be completely destroyed. 
AUGUST. 
Continue the operations of draining and fencing land for 
plantations. As formerly recommended for all inhospitable 
soils, or where former plantations existed, cast out the pits of 
a good size, to expose the ground to the influences of the 
weather. Break up with the pick the spots in ground where 
notch-planting is intended. Prune forest trees; although 
large branches should never in ordinary practice be removed 
in well-managed plantations, yet, in case of necessity, this is 
the best season for doing so, as the wound more speedily 
heals at this than at any other time. See that no wild vegeta- 
tion interferes with the growth of young plantations. Con- 
tinue the pruning and cleaning of hedges. 
Towards the end of this month transplant evergreens of all 
sorts, preferring wet or cloudy weather. In the nursery, be 
careful that all weeds are subdued and kept from seeding, 
