CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS—JULY. 11 
season for going over the surface and disturbing the soil in 
each spot where a plant is to be inserted, by the operation of 
a tramp-pick, or common shoulder-pick ; this will bring into 
play the purifying and fertilizing influences so necessary for 
the successful growth of plants, and if the operation is well 
performed, the spots broken up will appear quite distinct 
throughout the ensuing planting season. 
Look over young plantations, and clear away whins or rank 
vegetation of any kind that is likely to injure the progress of 
the plants ; where tall ferns are apt to prevail over plants 
recently inserted, it is found that breaking down, or joint- 
ing the ferns, at this season, placing their tops flat on the 
surface, is more effectual than cutting, as in the latter case 
they generally spring again, and in the former they seldom 
do so, but lie flat on the surface of the ground during the 
season. 
All barking operations should now be finished for the 
season. 
Prune forest trees, look over those which have been a few 
years planted, and those more advanced, and with the prun- 
ing-knife shorten all competing shoots in order that the 
leader may be clearly in the ascendant; and shorten also, or 
remove all other growths throughout the tree that are likely 
to run away with the sap, and that bear too great a proportion 
to the main stem. 
Prune hedges of all sorts of vigorous growth ; the switcher 
is the most speedy and efficient implement. Pruning at this 
season is particularly useful to hedges which are apt to be- 
come too bare at the bottom; in such cases the top of the 
hedge, consisting of its upper half, should be pruned once 
or twice during summer to induce a growth lower down, 
which latter part needs only be pruned once a year, but 
should be carefully kept clear of weeds and vegetation of 
every kind. 
In the nursery, the great business of this month is to keep 
down weeds ; a little neglect in this respect generally entails 
a great amount of labour, as weeds so readily mature and shed 
