ON SEA-SIDE PLANTING. 95 
ing per acre cost £6, and the fencing, plants, and planting 
upwards of £4, making the cost upwards of £10 per acre, 
exclusive of hoeing, which amounted to less than a fourth part 
of the value of the carrots, parsnips, and other crops. 
In these plantations the black sallow or goat-willow (Salix 
caprea), the alder, the birch, the ash, the sycamore, the Scotch 
elm (Ulmus montana), and the pinasters, two varieties 
(Pinus pinaster and P. p. minor), are recommended. I have 
found all these very well adapted for sea-side planting, but 
the success of the ash and the elm is more dependent on the 
quality of the soil than that of the other sorts. 
Respecting the sallow or goat-willow, it is stated that it 
was the wish of the proprietor, the late Sir Thomas Fowell 
Buxton, that the most of the trees planted on his estates in 
this quarter should give place to the English oak, so that the 
sallow was grown here merely for the sake of creating shelter, 
in which capacity it is certainly without a rival amongst de- 
ciduous trees. But though here used only as a nurse to the 
oak, it is fortunate that this willow has claims upon the atten- 
tion of the planter as an independent object. Its claims, 
however, appear to be entirely hid from planters; for writers 
on trees, I find, refer to it continually under the character 
of an undergrowth, affording “excellent hurdles, and good 
handles for hatchets,” and as used in the manufacture of gun- 
powder, etc. Now, the fact is, that though it is almost 
without exception kept down as an undergrowth, and used for 
fences and hurdles, it is capable of becoming a great tree, 
most singularly and beautifully clad in spring-time with hand- 
some silken blossoms. On Mr. Moy’s farm, East Runton, 
about three-quarters of a mile from the sea, is a specimen with 
a trunk which, at four feet from the ground, is nine and a half 
feet in circumference—thus proving that the tree not only 
grows to a large size, but that it does so in the neighbourhood 
of the sea. 
Of underwood shrubs, the snowberry (Symphoricarpos race- 
mosus) and the evergreen barberry (B. aquifolium) are strongly 
recommended, The plantations of Trimingham and Runton 
