ON SEA-SIDE PLANTING. 97 
situation under consideration, such plants as are two or three 
years old are better than any other, and such as have been 
transplanted in the nursery the year previous are to be pre- 
ferred to those which have remained for two seasons. 
Shelter—However well the land may be prepared and the 
season chosen for planting the young trees, shelter is indis- 
pensable, both as an outwork, or round the outside, as well as 
an immediate agent in ameliorating the climate around each 
tree. The best external fence between the young plantations 
and the sea is furze bundles, or brushwood cut in summer- 
time, with the leaves on the branches ; or failing these, a turf 
wall, very broad at bottom and tapering to the top. The best 
sheltering nurses amongst deciduous trees are the sallow, 
alder, osier, and birch, and amongst evergreens the Scotch 
pine ; but as these nurses would be gladly accepted in many’ 
instances as permanent occupants, I would earnestly recom- 
mend them as particularly fitted for such situations. Oaks, 
and the finer kinds of pines, should be surrounded with the 
nurses, and particularly protected by them on the side next 
the sea; but in ordinary cases it is sufficient to plant them 
mixed with the nurses, so that the young trees may in a 
general way protect each other. 
Cleaning.—The hoeing of the land for at least two years is 
all-important, and if a crop of carrots is taken from the 
ground the first year, as has been practised here, they will 
help to keep down the weeds, and pay the expenses for 
plants, cleaning, fencing, etc. 
Plantations formed chiefly on sand-drift along the sea-side on 
the estate of Culbin—Within the last twenty-eight years. a 
considerable extent of plantation has also been formed on the 
sands of Culbin. These sands occupy several thousand acres 
of the north-west corner of the county of Moray, N.B., and 
are composed of small hills of sand, ranging from 20 to 140 
feet high, the surface of which is ever changing by the influ- 
ence of the wind. Along this district in rough dry weather 
the atmosphere is thickened with sand-drift, and from the 
prevailing westerly winds its course is generally eastward ; but 
G 
