ON RAISING AND MANAGING HEDGES. lol 
the plant considerably. Plants inserted as a hedge a foot 
high, and that distance apart, and allowed to remain. with- 
out being disturbed, will advance twice as fast as those that 
are transplanted every other year. When young, the plant 
only grows a few inches yearly, and the most vigorous estab- 
lished yew hedge seldom yields shoots a foot long. (See YEW 
TREE.) 
The Whin or Furze (Ulex Europeus) is seldom cultivated as a 
nursery plant, and when required as a hedge should be sown 
on the line of fence. It is not permanent, being often killed 
with frost, particularly at a great altitude. It however readily 
springs from the root. Of itself it is not sufficient for a fence, 
but placed on the top of a mound or bank of dry soil, it 
forms a fence where few other plants would luxuriate. 
For a whin hedge the ground should be dug over in autumn, 
and if limed and manured so much the better. Well-rotted 
manure and ashes are fertilizing elements for the whin. 
In open weather in winter, or early in spring, the seeds 
should be sown. A double drill is to be recommended, as it 
accomplishes the object more speedily. Stretch a line on the 
site of the hedge when the ground has been dug over, cleaned, 
manured, and pulverized, and with a draw-hoe draw a rut on 
each side of the line similar to that for garden pease, but only 
about one inch deep; into these deposit the seeds, thick or thin 
according to the quality. The price of seed commonly ranges 
from 1s. 6d. to 2s. per lb.; which, if the seed is fresh, should be 
sufficient for 80 or 100 yards of a double drill; the covering 
is readily effected by drawing a rake along and thus closing 
up the drills. The drills should be cleaned the first and 
second years, until the whins prevail over the neighbouring 
vegetation. Pruning with the switcher is all that is after- 
wards required, and the hedge is made the more permanent 
by being pruned so frequently as to be prevented from yield- 
ing seed. 
Ditching—Where land is not so wet as to render the for- 
mation of a ditch and mound indispensably necessary before 
planting a hedge, these may not be formed until the paling is 
