THE CEDAR. 237 
in diameter. In Scotland and Ireland the tree is of more 
recent introduction. At Hopetoun House, near Edinburgh, 
are several fine cedars, about 120 years old, having been 
planted in 1748. The following shows the circumference 
and the rate of growth of the two largest, which stand 
each about 70 feet high, with tops of nearly 100 feet in 
diameter :— 
Year,. . .| 1801. 1820. 1825. 1833. 1848. 
Ft. In| Ft In| Ft In| Ft. In. | Ft. In. 
First Cedar, . .| 10 01413 14/14 0/15 1/17 13 
Second Cedar, .| 8 6/10 9$/11 4/12 3)14 2 
The largest cedars in the Highlands of Scotland are at 
Beaufort Castle, the residence of Lord Lovat, in Inverness- 
shire. These were planted in 1783, and allowing them to be 
four years old at that time, their age (1867) would now be 
88 years. The largest measures 18 feet in circumference, 
with a top upwards of 60 feet in diameter, and about 50 feet 
high, From measurement made, one of these trees, although 
considerably broken by a severe storm, increased eighteen 
cubical feet of timber in four years, and another twenty-eight 
cubical feet during that time. The largest cedar at Beaufort 
Castle contains upwards of 250 cubical feet of timber; and 
the tree rises with all that boldness of outline and permanence 
of aspect which rendered it the glory of Lebanon and the 
boast of Palestine. 
The cedar seldom yields cones before it is forty, and some- 
times not before it is one hundred years of age, and it is not 
until the tree has produced several crops that the seeds can 
be depended on to vegetate. The catkins appear in autumn, 
and the cones require two years to come to maturity. Per- 
haps no other tree is naturally so destitute of the means of 
increasing its species. The cones, when ripe, do not drop 
