338 THE ELM. 
by grafting, using the Scotch elm as the stock. There are 
several varieties of cork-barked elm (U. suberosa), also of Ameri- 
can elm, variegated elm, and curled-leaved elm. 
The most ornamental and picturesque tree of the genus is U. 
pendula (Loudon), weeping elm, of which there are also several 
varieties. This is a tree of very peculiar character. It seeds 
freely, and from that circumstance, as well as from its large 
leaves and habit of growth, it is believed to have sprung from 
U. montana, the Scotch elm. It began to be cultivated in 
nurseries about the close of the last century. Plants raised 
from seeds are apt to lose the peculiarities of the species. It 
is therefore propagated by being grafted on the tops of the 
stems of any of the common elms. In this way it grows freely, 
and soon forms a head of considerable magnitude, and of the 
most wild, diversified, and rugged form. In the vigour of 
youth it shoots forth in a frond-like manner, often directing 
its branches horizontally, some downwards, some upwards, 
and some obliquely, displaying a majesty and grandeur in its 
ramifications which are never seen in any other young tree. 
As an object for the lawn, the park, or the pleasure-ground, 
it has no equal among fast-growing plants. Its picturesque 
effect resembles that of the cedar. Some of the finest weep- 
ing elm trees in England are at the Fulham and Hammersmith 
nurseries, near London. The best specimen of the tree in 
Scotland stands in Blackfriar’s Haugh, Morayshire, about 
thirty feet in height, with a trunk four feet six inches in girth 
ata foot above the surface, and the spread of its branches 
measures 108 feet in diameter. 
