No. 12] Madder (Rubiacece). 101 



Found, common in thickets and low ground in the 

 Northern States and Canada. 



A weak vine two to five feet in length, much branching. 

 Its stems are reclining, square, and rough with minute 

 downward-pointing and hooked prickles by help of which 

 the vine clings and climbs. 



Resembling Fig. 50.— Small Bedstraw. G. trifidum, L. 



Flowers, very small, white, on one- to seven-flowered 

 stems. Petals and stamens, often only three. 



Leaves, unequal, in whorls of four to six or seven, line- 

 like to reverse lance-shape, not sharp-pointed, three 

 twelfths to seven twelfths inch long-, one-veined : 

 edge and mid-vein, rough. 



Fruit, smooth. 



Found, in boggy and wet ground throughout the conti- 

 nent. 



A weak, ascending vine, one to two feet long, branch- 

 ing and interlacing, with the stems usually roughened 

 backwards on the edges. Dries black. 



Fig. 51. — Sweet-Scented Bedstraw. G. triflbrum, Mx. 



Flowers, greenish-white. Cluster 7 stems, mostly three- 

 blossomed. 



Leaves, one to two inches in length, four to six in a 

 whorl, one-veined, the margins slightly roughened, 

 lance-shape to oval or to reverse egg-shape ; bristle- 

 pointed. 



