INTRODUCTION 



of the plants bearing them, with the soil or other objects. 

 3. Shortened life of the plants because of pruning and 

 other wounds, growth of water sprouts and suckers, or 

 to occasional or periodical over-bearing. 4. Excessive 

 cost of plantation maintenance — tillage practices, prun- 

 ing and thinning, pest control f)r harvesting and grading. 



FIG. 4— FIRST CROP OF APPLES AFTER RENOVATION OF OLD TREES 



