134 



PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING 



try, however, have pro\'cd beyond question that the more 

 nearly parallel the eut is made to the direction of sap 

 flow, the quicker will be the healing, because all parts of 

 the wound are thus kept in close connection with the 

 downward flow of elaborated sap. The objection that 

 the wound thus made must almost always be larger than 

 in the other case is discounted by the better results se- 

 cured in healing. To make this matter emphatic, the 

 principle ma\' be laid down that no part of an amputated 



branch should extend be- 

 yond the trunk from 

 which the branch has 

 been cut. 



123. Time to cut off 

 large limbs. — From nu- 

 merous experiments it 

 has been deduced that the 

 time of 3'car when a 

 wound is made is a very 

 minor factor to consider 

 in pruning. No one sea- 

 son invariably gives best 

 results. It must be 

 noted, however, that no 

 healing can occur while 

 the cambium is inactive, 

 as in late fall, winter and 

 perhaps also during pro- 

 tracted dry weather. 

 This statement has 

 special force in verv cold, 

 drv climates, because 

 the exposed tissues will 

 prribably dry out seri- 

 ously. In all fall and 

 winter pruning, par- 

 ticularly (if large limbs, the cambium and the bark have 



RIGHT WAY TO MAKE PRUN NO CUT 



