316 PRINCIPLES .\ND I'KAtTICE OF I'KUNING 



monly grow out from each l-ud of Ihcsc horizontal canes. 

 Upon the first three or four joints of these spring shoots 

 flowers and fruit arc produced. In this system these 

 shoots should not be permitted to grow out horizontally 

 along the wires. If they become attached by their 

 tendrils they should be pulled loose again and allowed 

 to hang directly downward. This will tend to equalize 

 the growth of the se\eral shoots, which, under natural 

 conditions, tend to develop most vigorously from the 

 terminal bud. 



The subsequent pruning and training of the vine can 

 best be explained by reference to the figures. Figure 269 

 represents an average six-year-old vine as it appeared 

 in January just before pruning. The cane or arm, A, 

 grew two years before and was considerably longer than 

 now when the vine was pruned in January one year ago. 

 This cane was then shortened to the length now shown, 

 all its neighboring canes were removed and it was tied 

 to the wire. During the following summer the seven 

 strong shoots, a, b, c, d, c, f, g, grew from it, together with 

 one or two weaker shoots, and bore fruit in that season. 

 When pruned in late winter, the entire arm, down to y^ 

 inch from the base of a, together with the canes /', c, d. 

 e, f and g, was removed by one cut at X, and the cane, a, 

 was shortened to about ten buds and tied to the wire in 

 the same position formerly occupied by A, as will be 

 seen in Fig. 270. 



The arm B also grew two years ago and was shortened 

 to about seven buds in January last year. From these 

 seven buds there grew, as will be seen in the figure, six 

 strong shoots, each of which, like the shoots from arm A, 

 bore two to four clusters of fruit. This arm B was also, 

 like A, cut off at X with all its canes except the one 

 nearest the base. This only is reserved to take the place 

 of B upon the wire, after being shortened to eight or 

 nine buds. The same process was repeated upon the left- 

 hand side of the vine, leaving it, after the pruning was 



