GRAPE PRUNING AND TRAINING 



345 



ing may also be due to the water sprouts having been removed 

 during the summer. When water sprouts are removed the need of 

 replacing wood should always be kept in mind, and one vigorous, 

 well-placed water sprout left near the base of every long arm. 



257. Fan-shaped vines.— With headed vines, the treatment up to 

 the second winter pruning is the same except for the variations in 

 the height of the head. At the third winter pruning, however, the 

 formation of the head commences, and the pruner determines 

 whether it shall be vasc-fonncd <<v faii-slial^cd. .\t the third 

 winter pruning, the vine should be pruned to two spurs. More 

 vigorous vines should not be given more spurs, but the spurs 

 should be made longer, 

 with four, five, or even 

 six eyes in some cases. 

 This is in order to ob- 

 tain some fruit, which 

 might not be obtained 

 from long pruning va- 

 rieties by leaving many 

 spurs. With extremely 

 vigorous vines one fruit 

 cane may be left at this 

 pruning. The wires of 

 the trellis should be put 

 up this year, if this has 

 not already been done. 



258. Double-h e a d e d 

 vines. — Some growers 

 attempt to arrange the 

 arms of their vines in 

 two stages, one above 

 the other, forming 

 double-headed or two- 

 crowned vines. The 

 method is applied to 

 both vase-formed and 

 trellised vines. It is open 

 to the same criticisms as 

 is the vertical cordon. 

 The chief of these is that 

 it cannot be maintained 

 permanently. The lower 

 head or ring of arms 

 finally becomes weak 

 and fails to produce wood. It is easier to maintain in trellised vine- 

 yards and has some advantages, the chief of which is that it is 

 easier to keep the vine in the single plane and to prevent arms get- 

 ting into the inter-rows. 



FIG. 288 



FORMS OF GRAPEVINE HEAD TRAINING 



a, vertical fruit caties and renewal spurs; b, bowed 



canes and renewal spurs 



