374 



PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING 



as in the above case is measured by the approach to the 

 original design. While the style of training must be 

 optional with the individual gardener the fundamental 

 principles of pruning must be followed. 



As American literature on these special modes of train- 

 ing is very meager, and as European writings are both 

 voluminous and excellent, the following passages have 

 been culled, mainly from French and English works, to 



FIG. 299 -DWARF PEAR IKbliS TRAINED IN SIMPLE WAY 



