23© DEER AND DEER PARKS. Ch. XI. 



into the high woods, and other most secret parts of the parke, so that when 

 the least disturbance or trouble is offerred unto the deere, a man may from 

 that lodge take notice of the same.' The author proceeds to give instruc- 

 tions for the defence of the lodge against malicious persons, and directs the 

 keeper how to defend himself by ' shooting with his bowes, casting stones, 

 or scalding water, to make them avoid from the same ; ' but passing by these 

 warlike devices as inapplicable and unnecessary at the present time, we 

 come to another part, where he gives instructions as to what trees should 

 be planted in the park, advising against fruit trees, ' for they are the oc- 

 casion of much hurt and destruction to your pale, under the color of 

 gathering the fruit.' He then proceeds as follows : ' Yet I would not have 

 the parke unfurnished of all manner of fruit, for besides the pleasure 

 thereof, they are an excellent mast in which deere infinitely delight, and 

 are fed very much with the same. You shall not by any means in one 

 parke mixe the red deere and the fallow deere together, for the red de^e 

 is a masterfuU beast, and when the time of bellowing cometh, he growes 

 fierce and outragious, so that hee will be entire Lord of the field, and will 

 kill the fallow deere if they but crosse him in his walke : and therefore 

 each must be kept severally in severall parkes.' 



That such was the practice of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, 

 is proved by the ' Red Deer Parks,' distinct from parks for fallow-deer, 

 which are found in many of the great places of England, such as Bad- 

 minton, in Gloucestershire, and Grimsthorpe, in Lincolnshire, where separate 

 parks for the different kinds of deer were formerly kept up : the present 

 practice appears to be generally to allow both red and fallow-deer to be 

 together, the danger alluded to in our author having been proved to be 

 exaggerated, if not without foundation. Regarding extraneous food to be 

 given in hard winter ' to the wild beasts,' the same writer observes : ' Not- 

 withstanding, the good farmer must not content himselfe with the provision 

 which the ground bringeth forth of itselfe : but at such times as the earth 

 is barren, and when there is nothing to feed upon in-the forests, they must 



